Imaging lens and imaging apparatus

ABSTRACT

An imaging lens includes: a first lens with a meniscus shape having a concave surface facing an object side; a second positive lens; a third negative lens with a meniscus shape having a convex surface facing an image side; and a fourth negative lens. The first to fourth lenses are arranged in this order from the object side. The imaging lens is configured such that a normal line of an object-side surface of the fourth lens at a point where the outermost light beam of an on-axis light flux passes intersects the optical axis on the image side of the object-side surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority fromthe Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-241209 filed on Oct. 20, 2009,No. 2010-052885 filed on Mar. 10, 2010, and No. 2010-197605 filed onSeptember 3; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an imaging lens and an imagingapparatus, and more particularly, to an imaging lens suitable as areading lens for reading a document image and an imaging apparatusincluding the imaging lens.

2. Description of the Related Art

Image reading apparatuses have been known which read a document imageusing a lens, form the document image on an imaging device, such as aCCD (Charge Coupled Device), and convert the image information intosignals. The image reading apparatus needs to read the document imageinformation fully. Therefore, the imaging lens used for reading thedocument image needs to effectively correct various aberrations such asfield curvature and distortion. In recent years, with an increase in thedensity of the imaging device, there is a demand for an imaging lenswith high resolution. In particular, when a color document image isread, it is preferable that images formed in red (R), green (G), andblue (B) wavelength bands be substantially aligned with each other onthe imaging surface of the imaging device and the contrasts of theimages be equal to each other. Specifically, it is possible to obtain ahigh-contrast image on the imaging surface in a wide wavelength range byreducing the deviation of spherical aberration, longitudinal chromaticaberration, or lateral chromatic aberration in each of the R, G, and Bcolors and aligning the imaging positions of the images in the rangefrom the center to the periphery of the images (aligning the imagesurfaces).

A line sensor has generally been used as the imaging device of the imagereading apparatus. In general, there are a number of methods by which aline sensor scans and reads the document image. It is necessary toincrease the resolution of the imaging device in order to read adocument image with high resolution and it is easy for a line sensorwith high selectivity to the size of the imaging element to respond toincreasing resolution.

An image reading apparatus has been proposed which uses an area sensorinstead of the line sensor. In recent years, the definition of animaging device in the area sensor has increased and an image sensor witha pixel pitch of about 1 μm has been developed. For example, sensorswith a small size of ⅓ inch and 500 megapixels to 800 megapixels are onthe market. The use of the high-definition sensor makes it possible toread a document image with high resolution, similar to the line sensorwith a wide reading width. In addition, the use of the area sensor makesit possible to read the document image all at once without scanning thedocument image. Therefore, it is possible to omit a scanning mechanismand allow a reduction in the size of the apparatus.

Since there is a strong demand for an image reading apparatus with asmall size, it is preferable to reduce the size of the imaging lens.JP-A-2008-275783 and JP-A-2009-53411 disclose an image reading lens withfour lenses and an image reading lens with three lenses which can beused for the above-mentioned image reading apparatus. JP-A-2005-18041and JP-A-2007-122007 disclose an imaging lens with four lenses.JP-A-2005-181596 and JP-A-2007-133324 disclose an imaging lens withthree lenses.

As described above, it is preferable that the imaging lens for an imagereading apparatus effectively correct various aberrations and have ahigh optical performance capable of responding to a high-definitionimaging device with a large number of pixels. In order to reduce thesize of the image reading apparatus, it is necessary to reduce the focallength of the imaging lens, thereby decreasing a conjugate length(substantially, the distance from the document image to the imagingsurface of the imaging device), as well as reducing the size of theimaging lens.

When the line sensor is used in the image reading apparatus, it ispossible to obtain high resolution. However, in this case, since thesize of the imaging device increases, it is difficult to reduce theimaging magnification of the optical system (it is difficult to increasea reduction ratio). Therefore, it is difficult to reduce the focallength of the imaging lens. When the conjugate length is reduced in thiskind of apparatus, an increase in the angle of view of the opticalsystem is noticeable. Therefore, in the imaging lens according to therelated art, various aberrations are insufficiently corrected and it isdifficult to read the document image with high resolution.

When the area sensor is used in the image reading apparatus, the imagingmagnification is reduced (the reduction ratio increases) and it ispossible to reduce the focal length. Therefore, it is relatively easy toreduce the conjugate length and it is possible to reduce the size of theapparatus. However, when a large document image is read all at once bythe area sensor, the diagonal of the document image is an imaging range.Therefore, when the angle of view of the imaging lens is insufficientlywide, the conjugate length increases, which makes it difficult to reducethe size of the apparatus.

The lens systems disclosed in JP-A-2008-275783 and JP-A-2009-53411 havea large F-number of 5.2 to 6 and it is difficult for the lens system tosufficiently respond to high-definition pixels. In addition, these lenssystems are not miniaturized. Therefore, when the lens system isprovided in the imaging apparatus, a large imaging device is requiredand it is difficult to reduce the size of the apparatus. The lenssystems disclosed in JP-A-2005-18041 and JP-A-2007-122007 aremanufactured for portable terminals. Therefore, the lens systems have asmall size and a sufficiently small F-number of 2.4 to 3.0 and canrespond to high resolution. However, the lens systems have a total angleof view of about 75° at most. Therefore, when a large document image isread all at once by the area sensor, the angle of view is insufficientlywide and it is difficult to reduce the size of the apparatus. The lenssystems disclosed in JP-A-2005-181596 and JP-A-2007-133324 have a smallsize and an angle of view wider than the lens systems disclosed inJP-A-2005-18041 and JP-A-2007-122007. However, the lens system isinsufficient to correct chromatic aberration and it is difficult for thelens system to obtain high resolution.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentionedproblems and an object of the invention is to provide an imaging lenshaving a small F-number, high resolution, a sufficiently wide angle ofview, and a small size and an imaging apparatus including the imaginglens.

A first imaging lens of the invention includes: a first lens with ameniscus shape having a concave surface facing an object side; a secondpositive lens; a third negative lens with a meniscus shape having aconvex surface facing an image side; and a fourth negative lens. Thefirst to fourth lenses are arranged in this order from the object side.A normal line of an object-side surface of the fourth lens at a pointwhere the outermost light beam of an on-axis light flux passesintersects the optical axis on the image side of the object-sidesurface.

In the first imaging lens, a normal line of an object-side surface ofthe second lens at a point where the outermost light beam of the on-axislight flux passes may intersect the optical axis at a position that iscloser to the object side than the object-side surface.

The first imaging lens of the invention may satisfy the followingConditional expression 1:0.25<D/f<4.0  [Conditional expression 1]

(where D indicates a distance between the first lens and the second lenson the optical axis and f indicates the focal length of the entiresystem).

A second imaging lens of the invention includes a first lens group and asecond lens group arranged in this order from an object side. The firstlens group includes a first lens with a meniscus shape having a concavesurface facing the object side. The second lens group has two or morelenses, each having at least one aspheric surface, including a secondpositive lens that is arranged closest to the object side and a negativelens that is arranged closest to an image side. The second imaging lenssatisfies the following Conditional expression 1:0.25<D/f<4.0  [Conditional expression 1]

(where D indicates a distance between the first lens and the second lenson the optical axis and f indicates the focal length of the entiresystem).

In the second imaging lens, the second lens group may include a secondpositive lens, a third negative lens with a meniscus shape having aconvex surface facing the image side, and a fourth negative lens whichare arranged in this order from the object side.

In the first and second imaging lenses of the invention and an exampleof the structure of the second lens group of the second imaging lens ofthe invention, the term “meniscus shape having the concave surfacefacing the object side” related to the first lens, the term “positive”related to the second lens, the term “negative meniscus shape having theconvex surface facing the image side” related to the third lens, theterm “negative” related to the fourth lens, and the term “negative”related to the lens which is arranged closest to the image side in thesecond lens group are with respect to the paraxial region.

The first and second imaging lenses according to the invention maysatisfy the following Conditional expressions 2 to 5. It is preferablethat the first and second imaging lenses according to the inventionsatisfy any one or any combination of the following Conditionalexpressions 2 to 5:0.5<d1/D<4.0  [Conditional expression 2]α>50°  [Conditional expression 3]0.8<α/β<3.0  [Conditional expression 4]0.0≦|Z4|/|Z5|<0.5  [Conditional expression 5]

(where d1 indicates the thickness of the center of the first lens, Dindicates the distance between the first lens and the second lens on theoptical axis, a indicates the angle between a principal ray of a lightflux that is incident on an object-side surface of the first lens at amaximum angle of view and a normal line of the object-side surface ofthe first lens at a point where the principal ray passes, β indicatesthe angle between a principal ray of a light flux that is emitted froman image-side surface of the first lens at a maximum angle of view and anormal line of the image-side surface of the first lens at a point wherethe principal ray passes, Z4 indicates the distance between a point onan object-side surface of the second lens where the outermost light beamof a light flux at a maximum angle of view passes and a tangent plane tothe top of the object-side surface of the second lens in the opticalaxis direction, and Z5 indicates the distance between a point on animage-side surface of the second lens where the outermost light beam ofa light flux at a maximum angle of view passes and a tangent plane tothe top of the image-side surface of the second lens in the optical axisdirection).

The terms “incidence” and “emission” related to a and β are for thetraveling direction of the light beam from the object side to the imageside.

In the first and second imaging lenses of the invention, the second lensmay have a biconvex shape in the paraxial region. In the first andsecond imaging lenses of the invention, the second lens may have a shapein which a normal line of an object-side surface of the second lens at apoint where the outermost light beam of an on-axis light flux passesintersects the optical axis at a position that is closer to the objectside than the object-side surface.

When the second lens group of the second imaging lens according to theinvention includes the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lenshaving the above-mentioned structure, the first and second imaginglenses according to the invention may satisfy the following Conditionalexpression 6:ν3<35  [Conditional expression 6]

(where ν3 indicates the Abbe number of the third lens with respect tothe d-line).

When the second lens group of the second imaging lens according to theinvention includes the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lenshaving the above-mentioned structure, in the first and second imaginglenses according to the invention, an image-side surface of the thirdlens may be an aspheric surface. A normal line of the image-side surfaceof the third lens at a point where the outermost light beam of theon-axis light flux passes may intersect the optical axis at a firstpoint that is closer to the object side than the image-side surface. Anormal line of the image-side surface of the third lens at a point wherethe outermost light beam of a light flux at half the maximum angle ofview passes may intersect the optical axis at a second point that iscloser to the object side than the first point, be parallel to theoptical axis, or intersect the optical axis at a third point that iscloser to the image side than the image-side surface of the third lens.When the normal line of the image-side surface of the third lens at thepoint where the outermost light beam of the light flux at half themaximum angle of view passes intersects the optical axis at the secondpoint, a normal line of the image-side surface of the third lens at apoint where the outermost light beam of the light flux at the maximumangle of view passes may intersect the optical axis at a position thatis closer to the object side than the second point, be parallel to theoptical axis, or intersect the optical axis at a position that is closerto the image side than the image-side surface of the third lens. Whenthe normal line of the image-side surface of the third lens at the pointwhere the outermost light beam of the light flux at half the maximumangle of view passes is parallel to the optical axis or intersects theoptical axis at the third point, the normal line of the image-sidesurface of the third lens at the point where the outermost light beam ofthe light flux at the maximum angle of view passes may intersect theoptical axis at a position that is closer to the image side than theimage-side surface. The imaging lens may satisfy the followingConditional expression 7:−0.25<Z7m/f<−0.03  [Conditional expression 7]

(where Z7 m indicates the longest distance between each point on theimage-side aspheric surface of the third lens and a tangent plane to thetop of the image-side surface of the third lens in the optical axisdirection (for the sign of Z7 m, the distance from the tangent plane tothe top of the image-side surface of the third lens to the object sideis negative and the distance from the tangent plane to the image side ispositive) and f indicates the focal length of the entire system).

The term “outermost light beam” is with respect to the image-sidesurface of the third lens.

The term “light flux at half the maximum angle of view” means a lightflux incident at half the maximum angle of view. In addition, the term“each point on the aspheric surface” related to Z7 m means each point inthe range from the optical axis to a point where the outermost lightbeam of the light flux at the maximum angle of view in the image-sidesurface of the third lens, that is, each point in the effectivediameter.

When the second lens group of the second imaging lens according to theinvention includes the second lens, the third lens, and the fourth lenshaving the above-mentioned structure, in the first and second imaginglenses according to the invention, a normal line of an object-sidesurface of the fourth lens at a point where a principal ray of the lightflux at the maximum angle of view passes may intersect the optical axisat a position that is closer to the image side than the object-sidesurface. The imaging lens may satisfy the following Conditionalexpression 8:0°<γ<35°  [Conditional expression 8]

(where γ indicates the angle between the optical axis and the normalline of the object-side surface of the fourth lens at the point wherethe principal ray of the light flux at the maximum angle of viewpasses).

It is considered that γ is in the range of −90°≦γ≦90°. The sign of γ ispositive when a normal line of the object-side surface of the fourthlens at a point where the principal ray of the light flux at the maximumangle of view passes intersects the optical axis at a position closer tothe image side than the object-side surface, and the sign of γ isnegative when the normal line intersects the optical axis at a positioncloser to the object side than the object-side surface.

In the first and second imaging lenses according to the invention, atleast one lens may be made of a glass material.

In the first and second imaging lenses according to the invention, theobject side-surface of the fourth lens may be a convex surface. The term“object side-surface of the fourth lens being a convex surface” is withrespect to the paraxial region.

The first and second imaging lenses according to the invention mayfurther include an aperture diaphragm that is provided between the firstlens and the second lens.

The first and second imaging lenses according to the invention maysatisfy the following Conditional expression 9:0.0≦d3/f<0.5  [Conditional expression 9]

(where d3 indicates the distance between the aperture diaphragm and thesecond lens on the optical axis and f indicates the focal length of theentire system).

In the first and second imaging lenses according to the invention, thefirst lens may have at least one aspheric surface and be made of apolyolefin-based plastic material.

In the invention, the “on-axis light flux”, the “light flux at half themaximum angle of view”, and the “light flux at the maximum angle ofview” are applied when light flux is incident up to the maximum diameterbased on the specifications. In addition, in the invention, the“outermost light beam of the light flux” in a given surface means alight beam that intersects the surface at a position that is furthestaway from the optical axis in a direction vertical to the optical axis,among the light beams of the light flux.

The maximum angle of view may be determined on the basis of thedimensions of the imaging surface of the imaging device provided on theimage surface of the imaging lens. Specifically, for example, when theimaging surface has a rectangular shape, the length of the diagonal ofthe imaging surface is 2Y, the maximum image height is Y, and the focallength of the entire system is f, the maximum angle of view θ may berepresented by the following relational expression:tan θ=Y/f

However, when there is a non-negligible amount of distortion, it ispreferable to use an image height considering the distortion.

An imaging apparatus of the invention includes the imaging lensaccording to the invention.

According to the first imaging lens of the invention, in the lens systemincluding at least four lenses, the shape or power of each lens isappropriately set. In particular, the shape of the object side-surfaceof the fourth lens is appropriately set. Therefore, it is possible toprovide an imaging lens that has a small F-number, high resolution, anda sufficiently wide angle of view and is capable of responding to ahigh-definition imaging device with a large number of pixels andreducing the size of an apparatus in addition to reducing the size of alens system.

According to the second imaging lens of the invention, the shape of thelens in the first lens group and the arrangement of the power of thesecond lens group are appropriately set, and the second lens groupincludes two or more aspheric lenses and is configured so as to satisfyConditional expression 1. Therefore, it is possible to provide animaging lens that has a small F-number, high resolution, and asufficiently wide angle of view and is capable of responding to ahigh-definition imaging device with a large number of pixels andreducing the size of an apparatus in addition to reducing the size of alens system.

The imaging apparatus of the invention includes the imaging lensaccording to the invention. Therefore, it is possible to provide animaging apparatus that has a small size and is capable of capturing animage at a wide angle of view, being provided with a high-definitionimaging device with a large number of pixels, and obtaining ahigh-resolution image.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to an embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 1B is a partial enlarged view illustrating Conditional expression5;

FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view illustrating the aspheric shape of athird lens;

FIG. 1D is a partial enlarged view illustrating the aspheric shape ofthe third lens and Conditional expression 7;

FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view illustrating the surface shape of asecond lens of an imaging lens according to another embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 1 of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 3 of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 4 of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 5 of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 6 of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 7 of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 8 of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 9 of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an optical path and thestructure of an imaging lens according to Example 10 of the invention;

FIGS. 13A to 13K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 1 of the invention;

FIGS. 14A to 14K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 2 of the invention;

FIGS. 15A to 15K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 3 of the invention;

FIGS. 16A to 16K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 4 of the invention;

FIGS. 17A to 17K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 5 of the invention;

FIGS. 18A to 18K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 6 of the invention;

FIGS. 19A to 19K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 7 of the invention;

FIGS. 20A to 20K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 8 of the invention;

FIGS. 21A to 21K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 9 of the invention;

FIGS. 22A to 22K are diagrams illustrating the aberrations of theimaging lens according to Example 10 of the invention;

FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically illustrating the structure of animage reading apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 24 is a diagram schematically illustrating the structure of animage reading apparatus according to another embodiment of theinvention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described indetail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, an imaginglens according to a first embodiment of the invention will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 1A to 1D. FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional viewillustrating the structure of the imaging lens according to the firstembodiment of the invention and an optical path, and the imaging lenscorresponds to an imaging lens according to Example 1, which will bedescribed below. In FIG. 1A, the left side is an object side and theright side is an image side. FIG. 1A also shows an on-axis light flux 2from an object at a predetermined finite distance and a light flux 3 ata maximum angle of view. The structural example shown in FIG. 1Aincludes the structure of an imaging lens according to a secondembodiment of the invention, which will be described below. In FIG. 1A,reference numerals G1 and G2 will be described in the second embodiment.FIGS. 1B and 1D are partial enlarged views illustrating the imaging lensshown in FIG. 1A. FIG. 1C shows a light flux 4 at half the maximum angleof view in addition to the imaging lens and the optical path shown inFIG. 1A.

FIG. 1A also shows an imaging device 5 that is provided on an imagesurface Sim of the imaging lens, considering the case in which theimaging lens is applied to an imaging apparatus. When the imaging lensis applied to an imaging apparatus, it is preferable to provide, forexample, a cover glass, a low pass filter, or an infrared cut filteraccording to the structure of a camera provided with the lens. FIG. 1Ashows an example in which a parallel-plate-shaped optical member PP isarranged between a lens that is arranged closest to the image side andthe imaging device 5 (image surface Sim), considering theabove-mentioned case.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the imaging lens according to the first embodimentof the invention includes a first lens L1 with a meniscus shape having aconcave surface facing the object side, a second positive lens L2, athird negative lens L3 with a meniscus shape having a convex surfacefacing the image side, and a fourth negative lens L4 which are arrangedin this order from the object side along the optical axis Z. In order toreduce the size of the imaging lens, it is preferable to form theimaging lens with a small number of lenses. It is preferable that thenumber of lenses be 4 as in the example shown in FIG. 1A. The imaginglens shown in FIG. 1A further includes an aperture diaphragm St providedbetween the first lens L1 and the second lens L2. FIG. 1A does notnecessarily show the shape or size of the aperture diaphragm St, butshows the position of the aperture diaphragm St on the optical axis Z.

When the object-side surface of the first lens L1 has a concave shape,it is possible to increase the angle between each light beam included ina light flux passing through a peripheral portion of the object-sidesurface and the normal line of the object-side surface of the first lensL1 at the position where each light beam passes through the object-sidesurface. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a wide angle of view. Whenthe first lens L1 has a meniscus shape, it is possible to cancel apositive field curvature occurring in the object-side concave surfacewith an image-side convex surface. As such, the first lens L1 has ashape suitable for obtaining a wide angle of view and correcting theimage surface. When the angle of view increases, the object-side concavesurface of the first lens L1 has strong power. When the first lens L1has a meniscus shape and the image-side surface of the first lens L1 isformed in a convex shape and has strong power, it is possible to cancela large positive field curvature occurring in the object-side concavesurface having strong power with the image-side convex surface havingstrong power.

Since the second positive lens L2 is arranged on the image side of thefirst lens L1, it is possible to refract an off-axis light flux incidentat a wide angle of view to the optical axis and thus reduce the size ofthe imaging lens.

Since the third lens L3 is a negative meniscus lens having a convexsurface facing the image side, it is easy to effectively correct variousaberrations including spherical aberration while maintaining a balancewith the second positive lens L2 and it is possible to obtain a smallF-number and high resolution.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the imaging lens according to the first embodimentis configured such that a normal line H_(4f) of the object side-surfaceof the fourth lens L4 at a point where the outermost light beam 6 of theon-axis light flux 2 passes intersects the optical axis Z on the imageside of the object side-surface. In FIG. 1A, the normal line H_(4f) isrepresented by a dotted line and an intersection point P_(4f) betweenthe normal line H_(4f) and the optical axis Z is arranged closer to theimage side than the object side-surface of the fourth lens L4.

The on-axis light flux emitted from an object on the optical axis passesthrough the first lens L1, the second lens L2, and the third lens L3 andis then incident on the fourth lens L4 as focused light. Since thefourth lens L4 is configured such that the normal line H_(4f) of theobject-side surface of the fourth lens L4 at the point where theoutermost light beam 6 of the on-axis light flux 2 passes intersects theoptical axis Z on the image side of the object-side surface, it ispossible to reduce the angle between a focused light beam, which isincident on the object-side surface of the fourth lens L4, among thelight beams passing through a region with a large pupil diameter in theon-axis light flux 2 and each normal line of the object-side surface ofthe fourth lens L4 at each point where each focused light beam passes.Therefore, it is possible to focus the light beams while finelyadjusting the light beams, without greatly changing the sphericalaberration that is corrected with a good balance by the strong positivepower of the second lens L2 and the strong negative power of the thirdlens L3. In addition, since the fourth lens L4 is a negative lens, it ispossible to slightly diffuse the light flux emitted from the image-sidesurface of the fourth lens L4 and correct spherical aberration to theover side. Therefore, it is easy to increase the distance (a so-calledback focal length) from a lens surface closest to the image side in theentire system to the image surface Sim, as compared to the structure inwhich the fourth lens L4 is a positive lens.

It is preferable that the object-side surface of the fourth lens L4 havea convex shape in the paraxial region. According to this structure, inthe paraxial region, it is possible to reduce the angle between afocused light beam incident on the object-side surface of the fourthlens L4 and each normal line of the object-side surface of the fourthlens L4 at each point where each focused light beam passes. Therefore,it is possible to focus the light beams while finely adjusting the lightbeams, without greatly changing the spherical aberration that iscorrected with a good balance by the strong positive power of the secondlens L2 and the strong negative power of the third lens L3.

It is preferable that the fourth lens L4 have a meniscus shape in aregion in which the on-axis light flux passes. It is preferable that thefourth lens L4 have a meniscus shape having a convex surface facing theobject side in the paraxial region. However, the invention is notlimited thereto. The fourth lens L4 may have a meniscus shape having aconvex surface facing the image side in the paraxial region and have ameniscus shape having a convex surface facing the object side in theregion in which the outermost light beam of the on-axis light fluxpasses. When the fourth lens L4 has the above-mentioned meniscus shape,it is possible to effectively correct various aberrations while finelyadjusting the aberrations, without making the fourth lens L4 have strongpower.

That is, for the image-side surface of the fourth lens L4, it ispreferable that the fourth lens L4 be configured such that the normalline (not shown) of the image-side surface of the fourth lens L4 at apoint where the outermost light beam 6 of the on-axis light flux 2passes intersects the optical axis Z on the image side of the image-sidesurface. According to this structure, it is possible to obtain the sameeffect as that obtained in the structure in which the normal line H_(4f)of the object-side surface of the fourth lens L4 intersects the opticalaxis Z on the image side of the object-side surface.

It is preferable that the imaging lens according to the first embodimentof the invention have the following structures. As a preferred aspect,the imaging lens may have any one of the following structures or acombination of a plurality of structures.

When the distance between the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 onthe optical axis is D and the focal length of the entire system is f, itis preferable that the imaging lens according to this embodiment satisfythe following Conditional expression 1:0.25<D/f<4.0  [Conditional expression 1]

If the ratio is less than the lower limit of Conditional expression 1,the distance between the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 isreduced, which is advantageous in reducing the size of the lens.However, the angle between the off-axis light flux incident on thesecond lens L2 and the optical axis Z increases. Therefore, when it isconsidered that the second lens L2 to the fourth lens L4 form one lensgroup, it is necessary to form a wide-angle lens in the lens group. As aresult, it is difficult to correct lateral chromatic aberration, comaticaberration, or distortion. If the ratio is more than the upper limit ofConditional expression 1, the distance between the first lens L1 and thesecond lens L2 increases, which results in an increase in the size ofthe lens system. In addition, if the ratio is more than the upper limitof Conditional expression 1, it is possible to reduce the angle betweenthe off-axis light flux incident on the second lens L2 and the opticalaxis Z and thus effectively correct the aberration of the lens groupincluding the second lens L2 to the fourth lens L4. However, theabsolute value of the curvature radius of the image-side convex surfaceof the first lens L1 is large and the image-side convex surface has weakpower. Therefore, it is difficult to correct the field curvatureoccurring in the object-side concave surface with strong power in thefirst lens L1.

In order to reduce the size of the lens system, it is preferable thatthe imaging lens satisfy the following Conditional expression 1-1:0.25<D/f<2.5  [Conditional expression 1-1]

In order to reduce the size of the lens system, obtain a wide angle ofview, and effectively correct lateral chromatic aberration, comaticaberration, and distortion, it is preferable that the imaging lenssatisfy the following Conditional expression 1-2:0.5<D/f<1.5  [Conditional expression 1-2]

When the thickness of the center of the first lens L1 is d1 and thedistance between the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 on the opticalaxis is D, it is preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the followingConditional expression 2:0.5<d1/D<4.0  [Conditional expression 2]

Conditional expression 2 relates to a reduction in the size of the lenssystem and the correction of aberration. If the ratio is less than thelower limit of Conditional expression 2, the distance between the firstlens L1 and the second lens L2 increases. When the angle between amarginal light flux incident on the second lens L2 and the optical axisZ is small, the absolute value of the curvature radius of the image-sideconvex surface of the first lens L1 increases. Therefore, it isdifficult to correct field curvature. If the ratio is more than theupper limit of Conditional expression 2, the size of the lens increaseswhen the thickness of the center of the first lens L1 is large, or theangle between a marginal light flux incident on the second lens L2 andthe optical axis Z increases when the distance between the first lens L1and the second lens L2 is short. Therefore, it is difficult to correctvarious aberrations.

It is preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the following Conditionalexpression 2-1:0.5<d1/D<3.0  [Conditional expression 2-1]

When the upper limit of Conditional expression 2-1 is satisfied, it ispossible to further reduce the size of the lens system and prevent areduction in workability due to an excessively large thickness of thefirst lens L1.

In order to further reduce the size of the lens system and improve theworkability of the first lens L1, it is preferable that the imaging lenssatisfy the following Conditional expression 2-2:0.5<d1/D<2.0  [Conditional expression 2-2]

As shown in FIG. 1A, when the angle between a principal ray 9 of a lightflux 3 that is incident on the object-side surface of the first lens L1at a maximum angle of view and a normal line H_(α) (represented by adotted line) of the object-side surface of the first lens L1 at a pointwhere the principal ray 9 passes through the object-side surface is α,it is preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the following Conditionalexpression 3:α>50°  [Conditional expression 3]

Conditional expression 3 is for obtaining a wide angle of view andreducing the size of an apparatus. If the angle is less than the lowerlimit of Conditional expression 3, it is difficult to sufficientlyincrease the angle of view of the lens system. Therefore, as describedin “the means for solving the problem”, when the imaging lens isprovided in an image reading apparatus, it is difficult to reduce thesize of the image reading apparatus.

When the angle α increases gradually, the angle between a light beam andthe normal lines of a plurality of surfaces at points where the lightbeam passes through the surfaces increases. Therefore, it is difficultto correct high-order comatic aberration. For this reason, it is morepreferable that the angle α satisfy the following Conditional expression3-1:50°<α<85°  [Conditional expression 3-1]

As shown in FIG. 1A, when the angle between the principal ray 9 of thelight flux 3 that is incident on the object-side surface of the firstlens L1 at the maximum angle of view and the normal line H_(α)(represented by a dotted line) of the object-side surface of the firstlens L1 at the point where the principal ray 9 passes through theobject-side surface is α and the angle between the principal ray 9 ofthe light flux 3 that is emitted from an image-side surface of the firstlens L1 at the maximum angle of view and a normal line H_(β)(represented by a dotted line) of the image-side surface of the firstlens L1 at a point where the principal ray 9 passes through theimage-side surface is β, it is preferable that the imaging lens satisfythe following Conditional expression 4:0.8<α/β<3.0  [Conditional expression 4]

Conditional expression 4 regulates the meniscus shape of the first lensL1 and is mainly for effectively correcting field curvature whileachieving a wide angle of view. If the ratio is less than the lowerlimit of Conditional expression 4, it is possible to obtain a wide angleof view. However, since the angle between the normal line of eachsurface at the point where a light beam passes and the light beam islarge, high-order comatic aberration occurs due to the marginal lightflux which makes it difficult to obtain high resolution. If the ratio ismore than the upper limit of Conditional expression 4, the absolutevalue of the curvature radius of the image-side convex surface of thefirst lens L1 increases. As a result, field curvature is insufficientlycorrected.

In order to further improve the effects of Conditional expression 4, itis preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the following Conditionalexpression 4-1:1.0<α/β<2.0  [Conditional expression 4-1]

The second lens L2 of the imaging lens may have a biconvex shape as inthe example shown in FIG. 1A. When the second lens L2 is a biconvexlens, it is easy to ensure a strong positive power and it is possible toreduce the focal length and the size of the imaging lens. This effectcan be expected when the second lens L2 has a biconvex shape in aparaxial region. When the second lens L2 has a biconvex shape in theentire region from the paraxial region to a region in which the lightflux 3 passes at the maximum angle of view, it is possible to focus alllight beams contributing to the formation of an image. Therefore, it ispossible to further reduce the size of the imaging lens.

The second lens L2 of the imaging lens may be configured such that anormal line H_(2f) of the object side-surface of the second lens L2 at apoint where the outermost light beam 9 of the on-axis light flux 2passes intersects the optical axis Z at a position closer to the objectside than the object side-surface, as in the example shown in FIG. 2.FIG. 2 is an enlarged view illustrating a main part of the second lensL2 of an imaging lens according to Example 8, which will be describedbelow. In FIG. 2, the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of view and anobject-side light flux on the left side of a break line are not shown.In FIG. 2, the intersection point P_(2f) between the normal line H_(2f)and the optical axis Z is arranged closer to the object side than theobject side-surface of the second lens L2. According to this structure,the object side-surface of the second lens L2 may have a concave shapeat a point on the object side-surface of the second lens L2 where theoutermost light beam of the on-axis light flux 2 passes and in thevicinity of the point, and the angle between each incident light beamand the normal line of the object side-surface may be reduced.Therefore, it is possible to prevent the light beam from being refractedto the optical axis at a large angle in the object side-surface, and itis easy to ensure a large image circle. When the object side-surface ofthe second lens L2 has a concave shape in the entire region from theparaxial region to the region in which the light flux 3 passes at themaximum angle of view, it is easier to ensure a large image circle.

When any one of the structure in which the second lens L2 has a biconvexshape in the paraxial region, the structure in which the second lens L2has a biconvex shape in an effective diameter region, and the structurein which the normal line of the object side-surface of the second lensL2 at a point where the outermost light beam 9 of the on-axis light flux2 passes intersects the optical axis Z at a position closer to theobject side than the object side-surface is used, it is preferable thatthe Imaging lens satisfy the following Conditional expression 5:0.0≦|Z4|/|Z5|<0.5  [Conditional expression 5]

In Conditional expression 5, as shown in FIG. 1B, the distance between apoint on the object-side surface of the second lens L2 where theoutermost light beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of viewpasses and a tangent plane to the top of the object-side surface of thesecond lens L2 in the optical axis direction is Z4, and the distancebetween a point on the image-side surface of the second lens L2 wherethe outermost light beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle ofview passes and a tangent plane to the top of the image-side surface ofthe second lens L2 in the optical axis direction is Z5. FIG. 1B is apartial enlarged view illustrating the aperture diaphragm St, the secondlens L2, the third lens L3, the on-axis light flux 2, and the light flux3 at the maximum angle of view in the imaging lens shown in FIG. 1A.

In the following description, for Z4, the sign of Z4 is negative when apoint on the object side-surface of the second lens L2 where theoutermost light beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of viewpasses is closer to the object side than the position of the tangentplane of the top of the object side-surface of the second lens L2, andthe sign of Z4 is positive when the point on the object side-surface ofthe second lens L2 is closer to the image side than the position of thetangent plane. Similarly, for Z5, the sign of Z5 is negative when apoint on the image side-surface of the second lens L2 where theoutermost light beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of viewpasses is closer to the object side than the position of the tangentplane of the top of the image side-surface of the second lens L2, andthe sign of Z5 is positive when the point on the image side-surface ofthe second lens L2 is closer to the image side than the position of thetangent plane.

It is preferable that the second lens L2 have a shape in which theabsolute value of the curvature radius of the image-side surface issmaller than that of the curvature radius of the object-side surface inthe paraxial region, in order to reduce the size of the lens and correctaberration. Conditional expression 5 relates to the shape of the secondlens L2 and is for preventing deterioration of the comatic aberration ofthe marginal light flux and insufficient correction of sphericalaberration.

When the distance Z4 is a positive value, |Z4| is large, and the anglebetween a light beam of a marginal light flux and the normal line of theobject-side surface of the second lens L2 at the point where the lightbeam passes is too large, high-order comatic aberration occurs and highresolution is not obtained. When the distance Z4 is a negative value,|Z4| is large, and the angle between a light beam of the marginal lightflux and the normal line of the object-side surface of the second lensL2 at the point where the light beam passes is too small, it isnecessary to strongly refract the light beam to the optical axis in theimage-side surface of the second lens L2 in order to prevent an increasein the size of the lens system. In this case, it is necessary toincrease the angle between the light beam of the marginal light flux andthe normal line of the image-side surface of the second lens L2 at thepoint where the light beam passes. When the angle increases, |Z5| islarge and high-order comatic aberration occurs, which is not preferable.When the absolute value of the curvature radius of the image-sidesurface of the second lens L2 is reduced, a large negative sphericalaberration occurs, which makes correction of aberration difficult.Therefore, it is possible to effectively correct aberration bymaintaining the values of Z4 and Z5 in the range of Conditionalexpression 5.

When the second lens L2 has a biconvex shape and is configured so as tosatisfy Conditional expression 5, it is possible to prevent theexcessively strong focusing of light by the object side-surface of thesecond lens L2 and thus prevent the occurrence of high-order comaticaberration. Therefore, it is easy to obtain high resolution.

When the second lens L2 is configured such that the normal line of theobject side-surface of the second lens L2 at a point where the outermostlight beam 9 of the on-axis light flux 2 passes intersects the opticalaxis Z at a position closer to the object side than the objectside-surface and Conditional expression 5 is satisfied, it is possibleto diverge the on-axis light flux 2 in the object side-surface of thesecond lens L2. Therefore, it is possible to increase the distancebetween the lens system and the imaging device 5 and reduce mechanicalrestrictions in the shape of a barrel considering, for example,focusing. For the off-axis light flux, it is possible to relativelyincrease the angle between the light beam incident on the objectside-surface of the second lens L2 and the normal line of the objectside-surface of the second lens L2 at a point where the light beampasses. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the distance between thefirst lens L1 and the second lens L2 and increase the curvature radiusof the first lens L1. As a result, it is possible to reduce the maximumthickness including the depth of the first lens L1 and thus reduce thetotal length of the lens system. The term “maximum thickness includingthe depth of the first lens L1” means the length from a point closest tothe object side to a point closest to the image side on the first lensL1 in the optical axis direction and the length of a space required foraccommodating the first lens L1 in the optical axis direction.

When the Abbe number of the third lens L3 with respect to the d-line isv3, it is preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the followingConditional expression 6:ν3<35  [Conditional expression 6]

Conditional expression 6 relates to a material forming the third lens L3and particularly relates to the correction of chromatic aberration. Ifthe Abbe number is more than the upper limit of Conditional expression6, chromatic aberration is insufficiently corrected. For example, whenthe imaging lens is used in a wide wavelength range of visible light, itis difficult to obtain high resolution.

In the imaging lens, it is preferable that the image-side surface of thethird lens L3 be an aspheric surface. Next, a preferred aspheric shapeof the image-side surface of the third lens L3 will be described withreference to FIGS. 1C and 1D. FIGS. 1C and 1D show an example of thepreferred aspect. However, the preferred aspect is not necessarilylimited to that shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, which will be described below.FIG. 1C shows the imaging lens, the on-axis light flux 2 from an objectat a predetermined finite distance, the light flux 3 at the maximumangle of view, and a light flux 4 that is incident at half the maximumangle of view. FIG. 1D is a partial enlarged view illustrating theaperture diaphragm St, the second lens L2, and the third lens L3. Forsimplicity of illustration, FIG. 1D partially shows only the outermostlight beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of view, theoutermost light beam 8 of the light flux 4 at half the maximum angle ofview, and the outermost light beam 6 of the on-axis light flux 2. Theoutermost light beams 6, 7, and 8 are in the image-side surface of thethird lens L3.

As shown in FIG. 1D, the normal lines (represented by dotted lines) ofthe image-side surface of the third lens L3 at the points where theoutermost light beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of view,the outermost light beam 8 of the light flux 4 at half the maximum angleof view, and the outermost light beam 6 of the on-axis light flux 2 passare H₇, H₈, and H₆, respectively. In addition, the intersections of thenormal lines H₇, H₈, and H₆ and the optical axis Z are P₇, P₈, and P₆,respectively. In FIG. 1C, the three normal lines are represented bydotted lines and the points P₇, P₈, and P₆ are shown. However, forsimplicity of illustration, reference numerals indicating the normallines are omitted in FIG. 1C.

In the imaging lens, it is preferable that the point P₆ where the normalline H₆ of the image-side surface of the third lens L3 at the pointwhere the outermost light beam 6 of the on-axis light flux 2 passesintersects the optical axis Z be closer to the object side than theimage-side surface of the third lens L3. It is preferable that thenormal line H₈ of the image-side surface of the third lens L3 at thepoint where the outermost light beam 8 of the light flux 4 at half themaximum angle of view passes intersects the optical axis Z at a positioncloser to the object side than the point P₆, as shown as a point P₈ inFIGS. 10 and 1D, or be parallel to the optical axis Z, unlike the aspectshown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, or intersect the optical axis Z at a positioncloser to the image side than the image-side surface of the third lensL3. It is preferable that the shape of the image-side surface of thethird lens L3 be determined so as to satisfy the above-mentionedaspects. As such, it is possible to refract light flux in a direction inwhich the light flux is separated from the optical axis Z by increasingthe curvature radius of the convex shape out of the axis. Therefore, itis possible to ensure a large image circle. For example, when theimaging lens is applied to an image reading apparatus using an areasensor, a large image circle makes it possible to read a document imagewithout increasing a conjugate length, which contributes to a reductionin the size of the apparatus.

When the longest distance between each point on the image-side asphericsurface of the third lens L3 and the tangent plane to the top of theimage-side surface of the third lens L3 in the optical axis direction isZ7 m, it is preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the followingConditional expression 7, in addition to the structure in which theimage-side surface of the third lens L3 is an aspheric surface:−0.25<Z7m/f<−0.03  [Conditional expression 7]

However, for the sign of Z7 m, the distance from the tangent plane tothe top of the image-side surface of the third lens L3 to the objectside is negative, and the distance from the tangent plane to the imageside is positive.

FIG. 1D shows an example of Z7 m. If the ratio is less than the lowerlimit of Conditional expression 7, the curvature radius of the conveximage-side surface of the third lens L3 is insufficiently increased andit is difficult to separate the marginal light flux from the opticalaxis Z. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the distance between thethird lens L3 and the fourth lens L4 or the distance between the lenssystem and the imaging device 5 in order to obtain a large image circle.As a result, it is difficult to obtain a wide angle of view and reducethe size of the imaging lens. If the ratio is more than the upper limitof Conditional expression 7, it is easy to ensure a large image circle,but the angle between the marginal ray and the normal line of thesurface at the point where the light beam passes increases. As a result,high-order comatic aberration occurs and it is difficult to correctaberration.

In order to obtain a wide angle of view and reduce the size of theimaging lens by reducing the focal length of the entire system, it isnecessary to refract the marginal light flux in the direction in whichit is separated from the optical axis Z in the image-side surface of thethird lens L3. In order to meet the requirements, it is preferable thatthe outermost light beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle ofview be configured as follows. When the point P₈ where the normal lineH₈ and the optical axis Z intersect each other is closer to the objectside than the point P₆, it is preferable that the normal line H₇ of theimage-side surface of the third lens L3 at the point where the outermostlight beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of view passesintersect the optical axis Z at a position closer to the image side thanthe image-side surface of the third lens L3, as shown as the point P₇ inFIGS. 1C and 1D, intersect the optical axis Z at a position closer tothe object side than the point P₈, unlike the aspect shown in FIGS. 1Cand 1D, or be parallel to the optical axis Z. When the normal line H₈ isparallel to the optical axis Z or intersects the optical axis Z at aposition closer to the image side than the image-side surface of thethird lens L3, it is preferable that the point P₇ where the normal lineH₇ of the image-side surface of the third lens L3 at the point where theoutermost light beam 7 of the light flux 3 at the maximum angle of viewpasses intersects the optical axis Z be closer to the image side thanthe image-side surface of the third lens L3. It is preferable todetermine the shape of the image-side surface of the third lens L3 inthis way. In this case, it is preferable that the imaging lens satisfythe following Conditional expression 7-1:−0.16<Z7m/f<−0.03  [Conditional expression 7-1]

In the imaging lens, as shown in FIG. 1A, it is preferable that a normalline H_(γ) (represented by a dotted line) of the object-side surface ofthe fourth lens L4 at a point where the principal ray 9 of the lightflux 3 at the maximum angle of view passes intersect the optical axis Zat a position closer to the image side than the object-side surface.When the angle between the normal line H_(γ) of the object-side surfaceof the fourth lens L4 at the point where the principal ray 9 of thelight flux 3 at the maximum angle of view passes and the optical axis isγ, it is more preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the followingConditional expression 8:0°<γ<35°  [Conditional expression 8]

In this case, it is considered that γ is in the range of −90°≦γ≦90°. Thesign of is positive when the normal line H_(γ) of the object-sidesurface of the fourth lens L4 at a point where the principal ray 6 ofthe light flux 3 at the maximum angle of view passes intersects theoptical axis Z at a position closer to the image side than theobject-side surface, and the sign of γ is negative when the normal lineH_(γ) intersects the optical axis Z at a position closer to the objectside than the object-side surface.

Conditional expression 8 is for controlling the incident angle of lighton the imaging surface, that is, the angle between a light beam incidenton the imaging surface and the normal line of the imaging surface whenthe imaging lens is provided in an apparatus and the imaging device isprovided on the image surface Sim. In addition, Conditional expression 8relates to telecentricity. When the incident angle of light on theimaging surface is too large, it is difficult to effectively ensure thequantity of light, which has an adverse effect on resolution or lightdistribution. Therefore, attention needs to be given to the incidentangle.

Since the normal line H_(γ) of the object-side surface of the fourthlens L4 at the point where the principal ray 9 of the light flux 3 atthe maximum angle of view passes intersects the optical axis Z on theimage side of the object-side surface, a portion of the object-sidesurface of the fourth lens L4 through which the principal ray 9 passeshas a convex shape to control the incident angle of the light beam onthe imaging surface. If the angle is less than the lower limit ofConditional expression 8, the incident angle of the light beam on theimaging surface is insufficiently corrected. Therefore, for example, itis necessary to increase the distance between the lens system and theimaging device. In this case, the focal length of the entire systemincreases and it is difficult to obtain a wide angle of view or reducethe size of the imaging lens, which is not preferable. If the angle ismore than the upper limit of Conditional expression 8 and the anglebetween the normal line and the optical axis Z increases, high-ordercomatic aberration occurs due to the light flux passing through aperipheral portion of the lens, which makes it difficult to obtain highresolution.

In order to effectively correct comatic aberration so as to obtain highresolution, it is preferable that the imaging lens satisfy the followingConditional expression 8-1:0°<γ<25°  [Conditional expression 8-1]

When the normal line H_(γ) of the object-side surface of the fourth lensL4 at a point where the principal ray 6 of the light flux 3 at themaximum angle of view passes intersects the optical axis Z at a positioncloser to the object side than the object-side surface, this structureis disadvantageous in telecentricity, but it is possible to reduce themaximum thickness including the depth of the fourth lens L4. Therefore,it is possible to reduce the total length of the lens system. However,when γ has a negative value and the absolute value thereof is too large,it is difficult for the image side-surface of the fourth lens L4 tosufficiently control the incident angle of light on the imaging surfaceusing, and a peripheral portion of the image side-surface of the fourthlens L4 has a strong convex shape. Therefore, this structure isdisadvantageous in ensuring an edge thickness or moldability. Therefore,when the normal line H_(γ) of the object-side surface of the fourth lensL4 at a point where the principal ray 6 of the light flux 3 at themaximum angle of view passes intersects the optical axis Z at a positioncloser to the object side than the object-side surface, it is preferablethat the imaging lens satisfy the following Conditional expression 8′:−10°<γ<0°  [Conditional expression 8′]

In the imaging lens, it is preferable that the aperture diaphragm Stdetermining the F-number of the lens system, that is, the speed of thelens system be provided between the first lens L1 and the second lensL2. When the distance between the aperture diaphragm St and the secondlens L2 on the optical axis is d3, it is preferable that the imaginglens satisfy the following Conditional expression 9:0.0≦d3/f<0.5  [Conditional expression 9]

Conditional expression 9 relates to the distance between the aperturediaphragm St and the second lens L2. If the ratio is more than the upperlimit of Conditional expression 9, it is possible to reduce the incidentangle of the light beam on the imaging surface, but the height of thelight beam incident on an image-side lens group is increased by theaperture diaphragm St. As a result, the effective diameter of each lensincreases, which makes it difficult to reduce the size of the imaginglens. When the total length of the lens system in the optical axisdirection is reduced, the distance between the first lens L1 and theaperture diaphragm St is relatively short. In this case, it is necessaryto increase the angle between the light flux incident on the aperturediaphragm St at the maximum angle of view and the optical axis Z. Inorder to increase the angle, the angle between each light beam and anormal line of the image-side surface of the first lens L1 needs toincrease. In this case, high-order comatic aberration occurs and it isdifficult to obtain high resolution.

In the imaging lens, it is preferable that at least one of the lenses ofthe entire system be made of a glass material.

When the imaging lens L1 is used as, for example, a monitoring lens inan environment in which it directly contacts air, it is preferable thatthe first lens L1 be made of a glass material. The glass material isless affected by humidity or ultraviolet rays and is less prone todamage than a plastic material. Therefore, the glass material hasutility for these purposes.

The second lens L2 controls most of the focusing operation of the entiresystem and has a strong positive refractive power. Therefore, when thefocal length is reduced and the angle of view increases, the absolutevalue of the curvature radius of the lens is too small, and high-orderaberration is likely to occur. The plastic material has a relatively lowrefractive index. Therefore, when the second lens L2 is made of theplastic material, the above tendency is noticeable, which is notpreferable. Therefore, it is useful to form the second lens L2 with aglass material capable of exhibiting a high refractive index in order tocorrect aberration.

When the third lens L3 is made of a glass material, the selectivity of amaterial with a small Abbe number increases, and the flexibility of thedesign for correcting chromatic aberration increases. Therefore, it ispossible to provide a high-resolution lens. When the fourth lens L4 ismade of a glass material, it is possible to use a material with a highrefractive index, as compared to when a plastic material is used.Therefore, it is possible to reduce the angle between each light beamand the normal line of the surface at the point where each light beampasses and thus prevent the occurrence of high-order sphericalaberration or comatic aberration.

In the imaging lens, the first lens L1 may have at least one asphericsurface and be made of a polyolefin-based plastic material. It ispreferable that the first lens L1 have an aspheric surface in order tocorrect aberrations. When both surfaces of the first lens L1 arespherical surfaces, the absolute value of the curvature radius is smalland high-order aberration is likely to occur. In addition, it ispreferable that the first lens L1 be made of a plastic material whichhas fewer restrictions in molding conditions than glass, in terms of theflexibility of the design. As the plastic material, for example,polycarbonate or acryl may be used. In this case, it is possible toobtain a high performance in terms of the design, but the outsidediameter and thickness of the first lens L1 increase. Therefore, it ispreferable to select a material with small molding distortion, such asbirefringence, and high weather resistance. When a plastic material isused, a polyolefin-based material may be selected in order to meet theabove-mentioned requirements. For example, ZEONEX (registered trademark;manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION) may be given as an example of thepolyolefin-based plastic material.

In the imaging lens, when a plurality of lenses arranged closer to theimage side than the aperture diaphragm St is regarded as one lens group,it is preferable that the lens group include two or more lenses eachhaving at least one aspheric surface. According to this structure, eventhough the absolute value of the curvature radius of the lens near theoptical axis is decreased in order to reduce the focal length, it ispossible to effectively prevent the occurrence of aberration,particularly, high-order aberration and thus obtain a high opticalperformance. The aspheric lens may be made of plastic. Plastic hasadvantages in that the molding conditions are less restricted than thoseof glass and it is cheaper than glass.

Next, an imaging lens according to a second embodiment of the inventionwill be described. The imaging lens shown in FIG. 1A is the structuralexample of the imaging lens according to the second embodiment of theinvention. The imaging lens according to the second embodiment of theinvention includes a first lens group G1 and a second lens group G2arranged in this order from the object side. The first lens group G1includes a first lens L1 with a meniscus shape having a concave surfacefacing the object side and the second lens group G2 includes two or morelenses each having at least one aspheric surface. For example, thesecond lens group G2 includes a second positive lens L2 that is arrangedclosest to the object side and a negative lens that is arranged closestto the image side.

Since the first lens group G1 arranged on the object side includes thefirst lens L1 with a meniscus lens having a concave surface facing theobject side, it is possible to increase the angle between each lightbeam included in a light flux passing through, particularly, aperipheral portion of the object-side surface and a normal line of theobject-side surface of the first lens L1 at a point where each lightbeam passes. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a wide angle of view.Since the first lens L1 has a meniscus shape, it is possible to cancel apositive field curvature occurring in the object-side concave surfacewith an image-side convex surface. As such, the first lens L1 has ashape suitable for obtaining a wide angle of view and correcting theimage surface. When the angle of view increases, the object-side concavesurface of the first lens L1 has strong power. When the first lens L1has a meniscus shape and the image-side surface of the first lens L1 isformed in a convex shape and has strong power, it is possible to cancela large positive field curvature occurring in the object-side concavesurface having strong power with the image-side convex surface havingstrong power.

Since the positive lens is arranged closest to the object side of thesecond lens group G2, it is possible to reduce the focal length and thusreduce the size of the imaging lens. Since the negative lens is arrangedclosest to the image side of the second lens group G2, it is possible toslightly diverge the light flux emitted from the image side-surface ofthe negative lens and correct spherical aberration to the over side.Therefore, it is easy to increase the distance (so-called back focallength) from the lens surface arranged closest to the image side in theentire system to the image surface Sim, as compared to the structure thepositive lens is provided.

Since the second lens group includes two or more aspheric lenses, it ispossible to effectively prevent the occurrence of aberration,particularly, high-order aberration and thus obtain a high opticalperformance even though the absolute value of the curvature radius ofthe lens near the optical axis is decreased in order to reduce the focallength. The aspheric lenses included in the second lens group G2 may bemade of a plastic material. Plastic has advantages in that the moldingconditions are less restricted than those of glass and it is cheaperthan glass.

When the distance between the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 onthe optical axis is D and the focal length of the entire system is f, itis preferable that the imaging lens according to the second embodimentof the invention satisfy the following Conditional expression 1:0.25<D/f<4.0  [Conditional expression 1]

The operation and effect obtained when Conditional expression 1 issatisfied are the same as those of the first embodiment.

The imaging lens according to the second embodiment of the invention mayhave one or any combination of the preferred structures or the adoptedstructures of the imaging lens according to the first embodiment withinthe range in which the above-mentioned basic structure of thisembodiment is consistent with that of the first embodiment.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, the second lens group G2 of theimaging lens according to the second embodiment of the invention may beconfigured so as to include a positive second lens L2, a third negativelens L3 with a meniscus shape having a convex surface facing the imageside, and a fourth negative lens L4 which are arranged in this orderfrom the object side. In order to reduce the size of the imaging lensand improve the resolution thereof, the second lens group G2 may includethree lenses, that is, the second to fourth lenses L2 to L4.

When the second lens group G2 of the imaging lens according to thesecond embodiment of the invention includes the second to fourth lensesL2 to L4 in this order from the object side, the second lens group G2may have one or any combination of the preferred structures or theadopted structures related to the second to fourth lenses L2 to L4 ofthe imaging lens according to the first embodiment.

When priority is given to reducing the size of the imaging lens, thesecond lens group G2 may include two positive lenses. When priority isgiven to improving the performance, the second lens group G2 may includefour or more lenses.

Next, numerical examples of the imaging lens according to the inventionwill be described. FIGS. 3 to 12 are cross-sectional views illustratingimaging lenses according to Examples 1 to 10. In FIGS. 3 to 12, the leftside is the object side, and the right side is the image side. FIGS. 3to 11 also show the on-axis light flux 2 from an object at apredetermined finite distance, the light flux 3 at the maximum angle ofview, and the optical member PP. FIGS. 3 to 12 do not necessarily showthe shape or size of the aperture diaphragm St, but show the position ofthe aperture diaphragm St on the optical axis Z.

The lens data of an imaging lens according to Example 1 is shown inTable 1, the specification data thereof is shown in Table 2, and theaspheric data thereof is shown in Table 3. Similarly, the lens data,specification data, and aspheric data of imaging lenses according toExamples 2 to 10 are shown in Tables 4 to 30, respectively.

In the lens data shown in each table, an i-th (i=1, 2, 3, . . . )surface number is written in the field of si. In this case, the surfaceof a lens closest to the object side is given number 1, and the surfacenumber is sequentially increased toward the image side. The curvatureradius of the i-th surface is written in the field of ri, and thesurface spacing between the i-th surface and an (i+1)-th surface on theoptical axis Z is written in a the field of d1. In addition, when asurface is convex to the object side, the curvature radius of thesurface is positive. When a surface is convex to the image side, thecurvature radius of the surface is negative.

In the lens data, the refractive index of a j-th (j=1, 2, 3, . . . )optical component with respect to the e-line (wavelength: 546.1 nm) iswritten in the field of nej. In this case, an optical component arrangedclosest to the object side is given number 1, and the number issequentially increased toward the image side. The Abbe number of thej-th optical component with respect to the d-line is written in thefield of vdj. In addition, the lens data includes the aperture diaphragmSt and the optical member PP, and the words (aperture diaphragm) arewritten after the surface number in the curvature radius field of asurface corresponding to the aperture diaphragm St.

In each table, the specification data includes the effective F-number, amagnification, the total angle of view, and the focal length. In all ofthe tables, the unit of length is “mm” and the unit of angle is“degree”. However, these units are just illustrative, and otherappropriate units may be used since the optical system can obtain thesame optical performance during proportional enlargement or proportionalreduction.

In the lens data shown in each table, the symbol ‘*’ added to thesurface number indicates an aspheric surface. The lens data includes thecurvature radius of the aspheric surface near the optical axis (thecurvature radius of the center). The aspheric data includes the surfacenumber si of the aspheric surface, and an aspheric coefficient k and ann-order aspheric coefficient Bn (n=3, 4, 5, . . . , 20) related to eachaspheric surface. These aspheric coefficients are used to represent theaspheric shape of each aspheric surface using the following asphericexpression:

${{Zf}(y)} = {\frac{c \cdot y^{2}}{\lbrack {1 + ( {1 - {K \cdot c^{2} \cdot y^{2}}} )^{1/2}} \rbrack} + {\sum{{Bn} \cdot {y}^{n}}}}$

(where Y indicates a height in a direction vertical to the optical axisZ, Zf(y) indicates the distance from a tangent plane to the top of anaspheric surface at a height y in the optical axis direction, and cindicates the curvature radius near the optical axis).

In the value of the aspheric coefficient in each table, “E−0m” (m is aninteger) means “×10^(−m)”, and “E+0m” (m is an integer) means “×10^(m)”.

TABLE 1 Example 1 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −2.906 2.369 1.5362 56.0*2 −3.177 1.724  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.191 diaphragm) *4 3.715 1.866 1.536256.0 *5 −1.020 0.161 *6 −0.533 0.496 1.6197 25.5 *7 −0.963 0.136 *82.700 1.012 1.5362 56.0 *9 2.332 0.466 10 ∞ 0.980 1.5182 64.1 11 ∞ 0.40012 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 2 Example 1 Specification data Effective F number 2.90Magnification 0.01554 Total angle of view 99.56 Focal length 2.647

TABLE 3 Example 1 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 4.440167E−01 1.761642E−02−7.922949E+00 −1.666496E+00 B3 4.374097E−03 7.417176E−03 2.138380E−02−1.721023E−03 B4 2.082558E−02 1.405933E−02 −9.369831E−02 −6.553326E−02B5 −3.740713E−03 −3.106935E−03 1.973614E−01 2.438639E−02 B6−2.047297E−03 −3.356754E−03 −5.917016E−02 3.344983E−02 B7 6.297823E−041.806605E−03 −2.894470E−01 −1.419011E−02 B8 1.898982E−04 −1.187840E−046.371661E−02 −3.726984E−02 B9 −9.738164E−05 −9.563998E−05 3.932081E−01−5.516948E−02 B10 1.120934E−05 1.714784E−05 −2.431945E−01 5.459544E−02B11 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B12 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B14 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 si6 7 8 9 K −8.513334E−01 −2.064245E+00 −2.684989E+00 −6.745465E+00 B31.310734E−01 1.297239E−01 3.565119E−02 −7.016623E−02 B4 −2.677839E−01−4.846101E−01 −2.473844E−01 6.987221E−02 B5 1.171004E+00 1.608233E+004.454533E−01 −3.514078E−02 B6 −1.964801E+00 −2.894153E+00 −7.802235E−01−2.350114E−02 B7 1.979829E+00 3.349725E+00 8.584581E−01 1.867939E−02 B8−1.287951E+00 −2.281206E+00 −5.134313E−01 3.678741E−03 B9 3.969310E−018.233119E−01 1.581859E−01 −3.381829E−03 B10 −1.720727E−02 −1.228772E−01−1.986559E−02 1.280555E−04 B11 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −5.234309E−05−5.974397E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 1.391244E−05 3.068517E−04B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 2.488355E−05 −2.848771E−05 B140.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.040772E−06 7.024265E−05 B15 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 1.957723E−06 −2.740078E−05 B16 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00−1.984393E−06 −8.634792E−06 B17 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −2.055124E−067.081806E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −8.357583E−06 −2.822986E−06B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 7.823607E−06 8.590844E−07 B20 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 −1.658252E−06 −1.121968E−07

TABLE 4 Example 2 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −3.116 2.497 1.5362 56.0*2 −3.276 1.476  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.149 diaphragm) *4 5.549 2.300 1.536256.0 *5 −0.705 0.089 *6 −0.467 0.351 1.6381 23.2 *7 −0.748 0.094 *82.944 0.700 1.5362 56.0 *9 1.198 1.027 10 ∞ 0.300 1.5182 64.1 11 ∞ 0.40012 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 5 Example 2 Specification data Effective F number 2.79Magnification 0.01500 Total angle of view 101.20 Focal length 2.553

TABLE 6 Example 2 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 3.918004E−01 −2.289463E−013.364977E+01 −3.382133E+00 B3 6.285661E−03 9.739649E−03 5.108360E−021.204840E−01 B4 1.966354E−02 1.523620E−02 −2.917914E−01 −2.685104E−01 B5−3.602900E−03 −4.187003E−03 4.529668E−01 −2.639177E−02 B6 −2.080988E−03−3.426067E−03 −1.013220E−01 5.987114E−02 B7 6.162299E−04 1.886967E−03−4.905645E−01 2.435392E−02 B8 1.933630E−04 −1.152820E−04 −2.741018E−02−9.674330E−03 B9 −9.744897E−05 −9.707888E−05 5.646013E−01 −3.595936E−02B10 1.088451E−05 1.801423E−05 −7.111765E−01 4.605455E−02 B114.305125E−08 −1.569166E−07 2.837444E−01 −1.082159E−03 B12 8.780913E−09−1.664448E−07 1.367736E+00 −1.358049E−02 B13 −1.018979E−09 −5.353460E−08−3.459931E−02 −7.470502E−03 B14 −1.005938E−09 2.625384E−08 −1.470105E+006.700324E−03 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 si6 7 8 9 K −2.138252E+00 −3.230202E+00 −1.000011E+01 −7.256099E−02 B31.906354E−01 2.081562E−01 1.475497E−01 −1.334787E−01 B4 −4.377522E−01−5.957247E−01 −3.114749E−01 −9.181204E−02 B5 1.110148E+00 1.629386E+004.455308E−01 7.157041E−02 B6 −1.919723E+00 −2.874384E+00 −7.727758E−01−2.907846E−02 B7 2.033499E+00 3.351828E+00 8.625222E−01 1.109579E−02 B8−1.258810E+00 −2.286318E+00 −5.134029E−01 2.010223E−03 B9 4.045234E−018.190361E−01 1.575955E−01 −3.018698E−03 B10 −5.150894E−02 −1.226978E−01−2.027040E−02 4.414414E−04 B11 0.000000E+00 1.093076E−04 −2.157256E−04−4.768385E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 2.700370E−04 −4.754865E−06 3.314526E−04B13 0.000000E+00 8.577017E−05 4.429574E−05 −4.492814E−05 B140.000000E+00 1.055193E−04 1.110386E−05 6.615712E−05 B15 0.000000E+00−1.649584E−05 9.693166E−06 −3.076384E−05 B16 0.000000E+00 −2.193369E−052.060412E−06 −9.007137E−06 B17 0.000000E+00 −1.104703E−07 −3.947550E−077.120269E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 9.872884E−06 −6.097012E−06 −2.656497E−06B19 0.000000E+00 6.031608E−06 3.330207E−06 9.447924E−07 B20 0.000000E+00−4.335315E−06 −4.961011E−07 −1.398644E−07

TABLE 7 Example 3 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −3.076 1.297 1.8081 46.6*2 −3.108 1.279  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.600 diaphragm) *4 3.529 1.595 1.536256.0 *5 −0.706 0.105 *6 −0.524 0.560 1.8550 23.8 *7 −1.070 0.081 *81.357 0.702 1.5362 56.0 *9 1.098 0.896 10 ∞ 0.300 1.5182 64.1 11 ∞ 0.40012 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 8 Example 3 Specification data Effective F number 2.72Magnification 0.01500 Total angle of view 101.72 Focal length 2.551

TABLE 9 Example 3 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 4.023611E−01 −1.150732E+007.333006E+00 −4.157875E+00 B3 6.515514E−03 4.487906E−03 3.576652E−02−5.500253E−02 B4 1.940366E−02 1.546417E−02 −1.952367E−01 −8.022932E−02B5 −3.750844E−03 −4.112519E−03 2.862393E−01 1.535980E−04 B6−2.049205E−03 −3.532227E−03 −9.141328E−02 2.489363E−02 B7 6.342451E−041.867663E−03 −3.753221E−01 8.501281E−03 B8 1.961016E−04 −1.137111E−041.382558E−01 −6.799298E−03 B9 −9.791369E−05 −9.387633E−05 7.175269E−01−3.519663E−02 B10 1.062992E−05 1.869564E−05 −7.016249E−01 4.387174E−02B11 −5.459797E−08 −1.878029E−07 −4.993116E−02 −2.228239E−03 B12−1.189039E−08 −2.190991E−07 1.654130E−01 −9.531295E−03 B13 3.326100E−10−6.935085E−08 8.674815E−02 −7.889636E−03 B14 3.501438E−09 2.875859E−08−6.808787E−02 5.857978E−03 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B16 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B170.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 si 6 7 8 9 K −2.552472E+00 −3.905066E+00 −4.216663E+00−1.696644E+00 B3 −2.251600E−02 7.372289E−02 7.745489E−02 2.063397E−02 B4−3.868244E−01 −5.667327E−01 −2.169783E−01 −1.137505E−01 B5 1.188770E+001.593437E+00 4.144734E−01 6.477051E−02 B6 −1.912875E+00 −2.881075E+00−7.842109E−01 −2.824968E−02 B7 2.014050E+00 3.357531E+00 8.608800E−011.229271E−02 B8 −1.262641E+00 −2.279496E+00 −5.128579E−01 2.207477E−03B9 4.092488E−01 8.226709E−01 1.582304E−01 −3.144311E−03 B10−5.178931E−02 −1.222019E−01 −1.992750E−02 3.406526E−04 B11 0.000000E+00−1.356333E−05 −1.227937E−04 −5.129692E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 −5.782159E−051.042292E−05 3.264965E−04 B13 0.000000E+00 −1.378932E−04 3.001079E−05−4.249934E−05 B14 0.000000E+00 2.638972E−05 −2.094183E−06 6.885887E−05B15 0.000000E+00 −7.420946E−05 3.376326E−06 −2.970756E−05 B160.000000E+00 −4.152517E−05 5.800035E−07 −8.761259E−06 B17 0.000000E+001.209091E−05 −9.780357E−08 7.072636E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 1.974608E−05−5.437220E−06 −2.733851E−06 B19 0.000000E+00 1.417138E−05 3.639254E−069.148677E−07 B20 0.000000E+00 −7.593927E−06 −6.307744E−07 −1.279907E−07

TABLE 10 Example 4 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −2.952 2.226 1.536256.0 *2 −3.027 1.485  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.236 diaphragm) *4 4.243 2.0991.5362 56.0 *5 −0.993 0.110 *6 −0.559 0.381 1.6381 23.2 *7 −0.956 0.152*8 1.663 0.801 1.5362 56.0 *9 1.329 0.828 10 ∞ 0.300 1.5182 64.1 11 ∞0.400 12 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 11 Example 4 Specification data Effective F number 2.80Magnification 0.01500 Total angle of view 101.20 Focal length 2.553

TABLE 12 Example 4 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 3.840568E−01 −2.236693E−011.576560E+00 −2.681345E+00 B3 7.044105E−03 1.112685E−02 4.189296E−022.259855E−02 B4 1.994187E−02 1.466300E−02 −2.102149E−01 −1.183648E−01 B5−3.745501E−03 −3.888883E−03 3.647262E−01 −3.077012E−02 B6 −2.079188E−03−3.458387E−03 −1.144453E−01 2.880495E−02 B7 6.256885E−04 1.874073E−03−4.294460E−01 1.939288E−02 B8 1.951917E−04 −1.159243E−04 1.047318E−01−1.684629E−03 B9 −9.741873E−05 −9.614983E−05 7.624637E−01 −3.520119E−02B10 1.083663E−05 1.815296E−05 −6.329047E−01 4.042828E−02 B112.475604E−08 −1.864004E−07 −1.358402E−02 −4.402922E−03 B12 5.392725E−09−1.398810E−07 1.402274E−01 −1.000364E−02 B13 −2.698095E−10 −3.941960E−081.222280E−02 −6.541564E−03 B14 −7.435125E−10 1.807728E−08 −4.298143E−026.392841E−03 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 si6 7 8 9 K −2.060145E+00 −3.455089E+00 −1.000033E+01 −3.399024E+00 B3−1.318573E−02 6.006044E−02 1.012667E−01 1.404018E−02 B4 −3.279693E−01−5.004457E−01 −2.880685E−01 −9.599669E−02 B5 1.203598E+00 1.615166E+004.448964E−01 5.287959E−02 B6 −1.929173E+00 −2.878474E+00 −7.771315E−01−2.657041E−02 B7 1.997461E+00 3.354718E+00 8.607730E−01 1.284859E−02 B8−1.270147E+00 −2.282438E+00 −5.133448E−01 2.178587E−03 B9 4.097273E−018.203712E−01 1.579827E−01 −3.188768E−03 B10 −4.779404E−02 −1.235049E−01−2.002080E−02 3.332204E−04 B11 0.000000E+00 −5.080244E−04 −1.452991E−04−5.110881E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 −1.681226E−04 4.945940E−06 3.289239E−04B13 0.000000E+00 −1.095394E−05 2.884983E−05 −4.143046E−05 B140.000000E+00 1.575902E−04 −2.212056E−06 6.912070E−05 B15 0.000000E+003.247325E−05 3.747707E−06 −2.969008E−05 B16 0.000000E+00 1.445240E−051.014696E−06 −8.806944E−06 B17 0.000000E+00 9.829729E−06 2.320936E−077.040364E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 5.165074E−06 −5.293549E−06 −2.746728E−06B19 0.000000E+00 7.718066E−07 3.666368E−06 9.133963E−07 B20 0.000000E+00−3.938481E−06 −6.830472E−07 −1.248254E−07

TABLE 13 Example 5 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −2.781 2.482 1.536256.0 *2 −3.130 1.704  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.156 diaphragm) *4 3.933 1.9761.5362 56.0 *5 −1.092 0.222 *6 −0.586 0.484 1.6381 23.2 *7 −1.026 0.135*8 2.377 0.935 1.5362 56.0 *9 2.039 0.794 10 ∞ 0.300 1.5182 64.1 11 ∞0.400 12 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 14 Example 5 Specification data Effective F number 2.80Magnification 0.01500 Total angle of view 101.19 Focal length 2.556

TABLE 15 Example 5 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 3.722617E−01 −4.721170E−02−2.249129E+00 −3.414808E+00 B3 8.330607E−03 1.185403E−02 2.886840E−02−2.702819E−02 B4 2.067477E−02 1.398002E−02 −1.786344E−01 −8.989585E−02B5 −3.792934E−03 −3.493244E−03 3.693256E−01 1.709769E−03 B6−2.081402E−03 −3.400366E−03 −1.446155E−01 4.344025E−02 B7 6.298601E−041.870283E−03 −4.879026E−01 1.535764E−02 B8 1.965643E−04 −1.212489E−041.241034E−01 −1.832041E−02 B9 −9.737891E−05 −9.825154E−05 8.628845E−01−5.167792E−02 B10 1.076153E−05 1.756690E−05 −6.022636E−01 3.509158E−02B11 −1.596210E−08 −1.855977E−07 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B12−2.535670E−09 −8.275115E−08 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B13 2.728590E−10−1.105915E−08 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B14 4.770288E−10 1.525530E−080.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B16 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B170.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 si 6 7 8 9 K −1.547463E+00 −2.987364E+00 −9.999190E+00−6.058412E+00 B3 6.730206E−02 1.327301E−01 1.141964E−01 −6.928831E−03 B4−2.906693E−01 −4.986090E−01 −2.967290E−01 −9.280527E−03 B5 1.172980E+001.591812E+00 4.571674E−01 −8.207325E−03 B6 −1.968475E+00 −2.890152E+00−7.763909E−01 −1.793268E−02 B7 1.990218E+00 3.355880E+00 8.591491E−011.678602E−02 B8 −1.260857E+00 −2.279880E+00 −5.141016E−01 2.499983E−03B9 4.218693E−01 8.218509E−01 1.578083E−01 −3.410506E−03 B10−5.075147E−02 −1.229354E−01 −1.999472E−02 1.978461E−04 B11 0.000000E+00−4.341145E−04 −9.053558E−05 −5.481527E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 −2.532490E−043.286252E−05 3.262284E−04 B13 0.000000E+00 −2.230867E−05 3.641302E−05−3.773548E−05 B14 0.000000E+00 1.670046E−04 −2.158604E−06 7.177765E−05B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 1.949284E−06 −2.867823E−05 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 5.936153E−08 −8.662795E−06 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 −2.747016E−08 6.951045E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00−5.206633E−06 −2.830732E−06 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 3.762956E−068.865090E−07 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −7.059128E−07 −1.105240E−07

TABLE 16 Example 6 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −3.075 4.668 1.751351.3 *2 −4.864 3.075  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.217 diaphragm) *4 2.648 2.0161.5362 56.0 *5 −0.803 0.129 *6 −0.572 0.519 1.7044 30.1 *7 −1.321 0.430*8 −27.020 0.938 1.5182 64.1 *9 −46.130 0.894 10 ∞ 0.400 1.5182 64.1 11∞ 0.400 12 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 17 Example 6 Specification data Effective F number 2.80Magnification 0.01400 Total angle of view 97.38 Focal length 2.403

TABLE 18 Example 6 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 4.072013E−01 −8.241527E−01−1.109621E+01 −3.828539E+00 B3 −6.256899E−03 −6.010785E−03 2.994052E−02−1.145746E−02 B4 2.275279E−02 1.382553E−02 −9.492944E−02 −1.170065E−01B5 −3.573600E−03 −2.849266E−03 3.131676E−01 −1.103844E−02 B6−2.121715E−03 −3.218616E−03 −8.342978E−02 5.108484E−02 B7 6.133981E−041.820277E−03 −4.362675E−01 2.255230E−02 B8 1.959222E−04 −1.329761E−049.042073E−02 −1.603595E−02 B9 −9.646742E−05 −1.004153E−04 5.095679E−01−5.512176E−02 B10 1.061525E−05 1.847071E−05 −2.972268E−01 3.926018E−02B11 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B12 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B14 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 si6 7 8 9 K −2.818784E+00 −9.999992E+00 −8.708997E−01 9.979470E+00 B31.000903E−02 1.344201E−01 1.666073E−01 −2.183113E−02 B4 −3.275668E−01−4.384493E−01 −2.517568E−01 6.462004E−02 B5 1.174677E+00 1.578922E+004.650537E−01 −1.996564E−02 B6 −1.964016E+00 −2.906657E+00 −7.798428E−01−2.267401E−02 B7 1.980307E+00 3.346478E+00 8.559483E−01 1.691858E−02 B8−1.261127E+00 −2.281176E+00 −5.154996E−01 3.595051E−03 B9 4.192352E−018.248573E−01 1.574815E−01 −3.382901E−03 B10 −3.888273E−02 −1.231578E−01−1.992115E−02 3.816572E−04 B11 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 1.744436E−05−5.780295E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 3.981265E−05 3.232424E−04B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 8.226618E−05 −3.804948E−05 B140.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 1.475188E−05 7.162711E−05 B15 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 9.385781E−06 −3.251939E−05 B16 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00−3.160878E−06 −8.293458E−06 B17 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −4.557744E−066.088109E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −9.728757E−06 −3.344277E−06B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 6.805558E−06 9.972540E−07 B20 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 −1.059342E−06 −1.499954E−08

TABLE 19 Example 7 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −3.247 2.771 1.536256.0 *2 −3.306 1.478  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.626 diaphragm) *4 3.791 1.8321.5182 64.1 *5 −1.167 0.119 *6 −0.668 0.352 1.9343 18.9 *7 −0.994 0.081*8 1.379 0.700 1.5362 56.0 *9 1.109 1.034 10 ∞ 0.300 1.5182 64.1 11 ∞0.400 12 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 20 Example 7 Specification data Effective F number 2.71Magnification 0.01480 Total angle of view 101.75 Focal length 2.523

TABLE 21 Example 7 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 3.892175E−01 −4.577789E−017.025519E+00 −1.193910E+01 B3 1.624670E−03 6.021336E−03 4.565967E−023.415625E−02 B4 1.926150E−02 1.750628E−02 −2.188820E−01 −1.732010E−01 B5−3.021295E−03 −4.763580E−03 3.624951E−01 1.133766E−02 B6 −2.046903E−03−3.317170E−03 −1.844444E−01 5.046414E−02 B7 5.940725E−04 1.917618E−03−3.593568E−01 6.397704E−03 B8 1.875755E−04 −1.241884E−04 2.251775E−01−1.674378E−02 B9 −9.805441E−05 −1.016246E−04 7.504797E−01 −3.344850E−02B10 1.113316E−05 1.757438E−05 −8.219800E−01 5.004825E−02 B111.111614E−07 2.092703E−07 −2.366050E−01 2.556035E−03 B12 1.831091E−08−1.389325E−07 6.767002E−01 −1.323100E−02 B13 −5.583775E−10 −1.241485E−07−2.963028E−01 −9.161952E−03 B14 −2.309184E−09 5.319066E−08 3.093753E−026.410968E−03 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 si6 7 8 9 K −4.046246E+00 −3.653983E+00 −9.999877E+00 −5.695972E−01 B31.173659E−01 2.289359E−01 2.728133E−01 −1.544536E−02 B4 −4.297102E−01−6.813352E−01 −3.785190E−01 −1.754940E−01 B5 1.139279E+00 1.628943E+004.260817E−01 9.988103E−02 B6 −1.895705E+00 −2.866646E+00 −7.723317E−01−2.727887E−02 B7 2.038801E+00 3.361366E+00 8.653963E−01 9.918190E−03 B8−1.261999E+00 −2.283213E+00 −5.121469E−01 1.718917E−03 B9 4.012017E−018.208606E−01 1.579240E−01 −3.058149E−03 B10 −5.102848E−02 −1.221959E−01−2.027681E−02 4.243912E−04 B11 0.000000E+00 −1.687586E−04 −2.670469E−04−4.864542E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 −1.172487E−05 −3.982193E−05 3.273821E−04B13 0.000000E+00 −1.775743E−04 3.337636E−05 −4.592601E−05 B140.000000E+00 −6.714290E−05 9.490089E−06 6.640027E−05 B15 0.000000E+00−7.687593E−05 1.004637E−05 −3.039940E−05 B16 0.000000E+00 −3.326522E−052.718409E−06 −8.796722E−06 B17 0.000000E+00 2.623364E−05 −5.884374E−087.192505E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 3.374665E−05 −5.987887E−06 −2.648895E−06B19 0.000000E+00 1.668709E−05 3.315589E−06 9.371893E−07 B20 0.000000E+00−1.248660E−05 −5.165636E−07 −1.435903E−07

TABLE 22 Example 8 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −3.5313 2.4439 1.5362056.0 *2 −3.1424 1.1730  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.1696 diaphragm) *4 −164.45281.3210 1.59143 61.2 *5 −1.0499 0.2912 *6 −0.5649 0.3500 1.61963 25.5 *7−0.9150 0.5826 *8 2.6190 0.7012 1.53620 56.0 *9 2.3177 0.7752 10 ∞0.5000 1.53620 64.1 11 ∞ 0.4000 12 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 23 Example 8 Specification data Effective F number 2.85Magnification 0.01554 Total angle of view 96.03 Focal length 2.638

TABLE 24 Example 8 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 4.737754E−01 −1.000002E+01−7.617723E+13 −1.075269E+00 B3 1.996021E−03 −2.443466E−04 −5.999691E−022.233925E−02 B4 2.322596E−02 1.785237E−03 4.716981E−01 −9.791910E−02 B5−4.018721E−03 −2.688907E−03 −1.858526E+00 1.520998E−01 B6 −2.285436E−03−1.423138E−03 1.955361E+00 −2.141222E−01 B7 5.762322E−04 1.743522E−031.766745E+00 4.871524E−02 B8 2.105668E−04 −2.783039E−04 −1.409681E+001.104789E−01 B9 −8.869777E−05 −1.026610E−04 −4.308107E+00 −2.426076E−01B10 8.734796E−06 2.559589E−05 −3.818764E+00 1.247576E−01 B110.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 2.892067E+00 0.000000E+00 B12 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 1.088148E+01 0.000000E+00 B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+001.068003E+01 0.000000E+00 B14 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −3.105903E+000.000000E+00 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.953890E+01 0.000000E+00B16 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.698886E+01 0.000000E+00 B170.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 2.291448E+00 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 2.193995E+01 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+001.249985E+01 0.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.481236E+010.000000E+00 si 6 7 8 9 K −1.623126E+00 −2.672101E+00 −9.905045E+00−5.828126E+00 B3 1.617242E−01 1.840779E−01 1.405763E−01 7.260569E−02 B4−4.776864E−01 −4.373709E−01 −2.806334E−01 −1.206337E−01 B5 1.367300E+001.538167E+00 4.291894E−01 4.080950E−02 B6 −1.922773E+00 −2.921787E+00−7.836807E−01 −1.973329E−02 B7 1.805189E+00 3.359976E+00 8.588751E−011.289884E−02 B8 −1.344629E+00 −2.277347E+00 −5.119263E−01 2.132678E−03B9 5.562207E−01 8.208058E−01 1.587108E−01 −3.288745E−03 B10−7.328296E−02 −1.211192E−01 −1.996832E−02 2.945683E−04 B11 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 −1.732001E−04 −5.379438E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00−1.983193E−05 3.187266E−04 B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 2.503695E−05−2.799771E−05 B14 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 1.574041E−05 6.921083E−05B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 9.045166E−06 −2.810294E−05 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −6.731350E−07 −8.873017E−06 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 −3.206475E−06 7.004113E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00−9.533752E−06 −2.841994E−06 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 7.347667E−068.531609E−07 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.336214E−06 −1.011035E−07

TABLE 25 Example 9 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −3.2311 2.5817 1.5914361.2 *2 −3.1148 1.4245  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.1791 diaphragm) *4 −183.28251.1082 1.53620 56.0 *5 −0.9250 0.2954 *6 −0.6504 0.3500 1.85503 23.8 *7−1.0258 0.7917 *8 2.6583 0.6021 1.51169 56.2 *9 2.3177 0.7839 10 ∞0.5000 1.51825 64.1 11 ∞ 0.4000 12 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 26 Example 9 Specification data Effective F number 2.87Magnification 0.01554 Total angle of view 96.04 Focal length 2.639

TABLE 27 Example 9 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 3.018101E−01 −9.999998E+00−7.617723E+13 −1.441172E+00 B3 1.743707E−03 −4.293665E−03 −3.580930E−024.864709E−03 B4 2.318201E−02 −1.571070E−03 2.885188E−01 9.229771E−03 B5−3.753918E−03 9.500597E−04 −1.434116E+00 −2.104323E−02 B6 −2.400539E−03−1.946111E−03 1.642842E+00 −3.408818E−01 B7 5.557062E−04 1.322678E−031.109882E+00 2.907821E−01 B8 2.183553E−04 −2.340882E−04 −1.268950E+002.168876E−01 B9 −8.608408E−05 −3.150983E−05 −2.628448E+00 −5.952498E−01B10 8.031172E−06 9.311796E−06 −3.161625E+00 2.928136E−01 B110.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 8.355867E−01 0.000000E+00 B12 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 9.689968E+00 0.000000E+00 B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+008.115881E+00 0.000000E+00 B14 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −2.111453E+000.000000E+00 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.511410E+01 0.000000E+00B16 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.142633E+01 0.000000E+00 B170.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 6.282066E−01 0.000000E+00 B18 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 1.322868E+01 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+001.293592E+01 0.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.182410E+010.000000E+00 si 6 7 8 9 K −3.410142E+00 −4.266750E+00 −9.999972E+00−4.736268E+00 B3 −1.974407E−02 6.607188E−02 1.321502E−01 7.839502E−02 B4−3.240367E−01 −3.148628E−01 −2.234975E−01 −1.109372E−01 B5 1.411721E+001.512643E+00 3.912904E−01 1.876554E−02 B6 −1.969225E+00 −2.966809E+00−7.759655E−01 −6.498446E−03 B7 1.655277E+00 3.369652E+00 8.592035E−011.264692E−02 B8 −1.312493E+00 −2.261248E+00 −5.127647E−01 9.402731E−04B9 7.938530E−01 8.210934E−01 1.588926E−01 −3.531950E−03 B10−1.998173E−01 −1.238456E−01 −1.992062E−02 3.027912E−04 B11 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 −2.338205E−04 −5.007398E−04 B12 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00−3.725136E−05 3.339900E−04 B13 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 2.317699E−05−2.429267E−05 B14 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 2.080237E−05 6.910716E−05B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 1.602082E−05 −2.858907E−05 B160.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 5.702290E−07 −9.193989E−06 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 −3.364059E−06 6.931178E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00−1.019781E−05 −2.826734E−06 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 6.990544E−068.733435E−07 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.173022E−06 −1.044778E−07

TABLE 28 Example 10 Lens data si ri di nej νdj *1 −2.9409 2.30001.536196 56.0 *2 −3.1193 1.8230  3 (Aperture ∞ 0.4550 diaphragm) *44.8874 2.0000 1.536196 56.0 *5 −1.0793 0.2050 *6 −0.6193 0.5710 1.63996323.6 *7 −1.1308 0.1200 *8 1.9313 0.8250 1.536196 56.0 *9 1.6359 1.088810 ∞ 0.3000 1.518249 64.1 11 ∞ 0.4000 12 (Image ∞ surface)

TABLE 29 Example 10 Specification data Effective F number 2.82Magnification 0.01290 Total angle of view 96.04 Focal length 2.837

TABLE 30 Example 10 Aspheric data si 1 2 4 5 K 1.658090E−01−4.154486E+00 −9.596776E+00 −3.313897E+00 B3 3.501706E−03 3.899028E−031.905172E−02 −7.287702E−02 B4 2.163356E−02 6.053755E−03 −8.514112E−02−8.394994E−02 B5 −3.433094E−03 −2.486339E−03 1.252702E−01 −5.586020E−02B6 −2.267658E−03 −2.818817E−03 −4.154168E−02 3.938804E−02 B75.956104E−04 1.870771E−03 −9.052918E−02 6.537800E−02 B8 1.952671E−04−1.585833E−04 2.196958E−02 2.293967E−02 B9 −9.489460E−05 −1.073571E−041.558503E−01 −5.056287E−02 B10 1.122799E−05 1.740141E−05 −1.736644E−016.852954E−03 B11 −1.315287E−08 4.894183E−07 7.420701E−02 −1.290873E−02B12 −3.268720E−08 2.087947E−07 −1.195223E−02 9.707457E−03 B13−1.103914E−08 1.484776E−08 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B14 2.071763E−09−1.684640E−08 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B15 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B16 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 B17 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B180.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B19 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 si 6 7 8 9 K −1.885256E+00 −5.375193E−01−1.000002E+01 −6.585167E−01 B3 4.112208E−02 2.559389E−01 2.327490E−012.373436E−02 B4 −5.440782E−01 −5.505835E−01 −5.191863E−01 −2.777963E−01B5 1.211588E+00 1.549245E+00 6.519929E−01 2.155875E−01 B6 −1.869162E+00−2.909052E+00 −8.303699E−01 −6.011238E−02 B7 2.017442E+00 3.361758E+008.479330E−01 1.628662E−03 B8 −1.253083E+00 −2.271014E+00 −5.168678E−013.713989E−03 B9 4.180998E−01 8.263929E−01 1.599774E−01 −2.415551E−03 B10−7.608985E−02 −1.237843E−01 −1.923850E−02 6.566131E−04 B11 −6.665187E−03−1.604513E−03 3.992028E−04 −5.511233E−04 B12 5.467749E−03 −4.377540E−047.013715E−05 3.355365E−04 B13 4.001134E−03 1.730978E−04 −5.794643E−05−4.825206E−05 B14 1.502999E−03 2.035066E−04 −1.531018E−05 6.898852E−05B15 −2.060079E−03 −3.784294E−05 −2.362677E−05 −3.197713E−05 B162.512282E−04 8.360999E−06 −6.014738E−06 −9.771227E−06 B17 0.000000E+000.000000E+00 4.141381E−06 7.185469E−06 B18 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+004.520995E−06 −2.523023E−06 B19 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 −1.792934E−069.823165E−07 B20 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 1.206324E−07 −1.603186E−07

Each of the imaging lenses according to Examples 1 to 10 includes fourlenses. In the imaging lens according to Example 1, the four lenses eachhave aspheric surfaces on both sides and include a first lens L1, whicha negative meniscus lens having a concave surface facing the object sidein a paraxial region, a second lens L2, which is a biconvex lens in theparaxial region, a third lens L3, which is a negative meniscus lenshaving a convex surface facing the image side in the paraxial region,and a fourth lens L4, which is a negative meniscus lens having a convexsurface facing the object side in the paraxial region.

In the imaging lenses according to Examples 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7, 10, thefour lenses each have aspheric surfaces on both sides and the outline ofthe shape of the imaging lens is the same as that of the imaging lensaccording to Example 1. In the imaging lens according to Example 6, fourlenses each have aspheric surfaces on both sides. The outline of theshape of the imaging lens according to Example 6 is the same as that ofthe imaging lens according to Example 1 except that the fourth lens L4is a negative meniscus lens having a concave surface facing the objectside in the paraxial region. In the imaging lenses according to Examples8 and 9, four lenses each have aspheric surfaces on both sides. Theoutline of the shape of each of the imaging lenses according to Examples8 and 9 is the same as that of the imaging lens according to Example 1except that each of the first and second lenses L1 and L2 is a positivemeniscus lens having a concave surface facing the object side in theparaxial region.

FIGS. 13A to 13K are aberration diagrams illustrating variousaberrations of the imaging lens according to Example 1. FIGS. 13A to 13Dshow spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and lateralchromatic aberration, respectively. FIGS. 13E to 13H show lateralaberration in the tangential direction at each angle of view and FIGS.13I to 13K show lateral aberration in the sagittal direction at eachangle of view. In each of the spherical aberration diagram, the lateralchromatic aberration diagram, and the lateral aberration diagram,aberration with respect to the e-line (546.1 nm) is represented by asolid line, aberration with respect to the g-line (wavelength: 435.8 nm)is represented by a dashed line, and aberration with respect to theC-line (wavelength: 656.3 nm) is represented by a one-dot chain line.The astigmatism diagram and the distortion diagram are for the e-line.In the astigmatism diagram, aberration in the sagittal direction isrepresented by a solid line and aberration in the tangential directionis represented by a dotted line. In the spherical aberration diagram,Fno. means the effective F-number. In the other aberration diagrams, ωmeans a half angle of view.

Similarly, FIGS. 14A to 14K, FIGS. 15A to 15K, FIGS. 16A to 16K, FIGS.17A to 17K, FIGS. 18A to 18K, FIGS. 19A to 19K, FIGS. 20A to 20K, FIGS.21A to 21K, and FIGS. 22A to 22K are aberration diagrams illustratingvarious aberrations of the imaging lenses according to Examples 2 to 10,respectively.

Table 31 shows values corresponding to Conditional expressions 1 to 10of the imaging lenses according to Examples 1 to 9. The values shown inTable 31 are obtained when a reference wavelength is the e-line and alight flux is incident on the basis of the above-mentioned specificationdata.

TABLE 31 Conditional expression (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) D/fd1/D α α/β |Z4|/|Z5| ν3 Z7m/f γ d3/f Example 1 0.72 1.24 75.5 1.25 0.1225.5 −0.093 10.8 0.07 Example 2 0.64 1.54 73.1 1.22 0.05 23.2 −0.09523.7 0.06 Example 3 0.74 0.69 72.2 1.09 0.17 23.8 −0.152 1.5 0.24Example 4 0.67 1.29 74.6 1.21 0.10 23.2 −0.106 11.4 0.09 Example 5 0.731.33 75.5 1.29 0.11 23.2 −0.086 17.1 0.06 Example 6 1.37 1.42 75.0 1.690.26 30.1 −0.038 23.6 0.09 Example 7 0.83 1.32 73.1 1.25 0.32 18.9−0.095 12.4 0.25 Example 8 0.51 1.82 65.27 1.08 0.03 25.5 −0.084 −2.20.06 Example 9 0.61 1.61 68.29 1.11 0.06 23.8 −0.077 −0.6 0.07

As can be seen from the above-mentioned data, each of the imaging lensesaccording to Examples 1 to 10 has a small number of lenses, for example,four lenses and thus has a small size. In addition, each of the imaginglenses has a small effective F-number of 2.7 to 2.9 and a total angle ofview of 85° to 102°, which is a sufficiently wide angle of view,effectively corrects each aberration, and has a high optical performanceand high resolution.

The invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, butvarious modifications of the invention can be made. For example, thecurvature radius, surface spacing, refractive index, and Abbe number ofeach lens component are not limited to the values described in theabove-mentioned examples, but may have other values.

Next, an imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventionwill be described. FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically illustrating thestructure of the imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of theinvention. An image reading apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 23 reads adocument image and includes a reading lens 11, which is the imaging lensaccording to the above-described embodiment of the invention, a glassplaten 13 on which a document 12 to be read is loaded, a light source 14that emits illumination light to the document 12, and an imaging device15 that captures the image of the document 12. However, in FIG. 23, thelens system of the reading lens 11 is schematically shown as onecomponent.

The imaging device 15 converts an optical image formed by the readinglens 11 into electric signals and is, for example, a CCD or a CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). It is preferable that anoptical element, such as a cover glass for protecting the imagingdevice, be provided between the reading lens 11 and the imaging device15, if necessary. In addition, an optical element, such as a documentpressing glass for pressing the document 12 against the glass platen 13or a filter, may be provided between the reading lens 11 and thedocument 12, if necessary.

The image reading apparatus 10 is a reflective document readingapparatus. In the image reading apparatus 10, illumination light isemitted from the light source 14 to the document 12, and light reflectedfrom the document 12 passes through the reading lens 11 and is thensubjected to an image forming process. Then, the image of the document12 is formed on the imaging device 15 and the imaging device 15 acquiresthe image as image information.

FIG. 24 is a diagram schematically illustrating the structure of animage reading apparatus 20 according to another embodiment of theinvention. The image reading apparatus 20 is also a reflective documentreading apparatus and is different from the image reading apparatus 10shown in FIG. 23 in that a mirror 26 is provided between the document 12and the reading lens 11 to deflect an optical path, which makes itpossible to reduce the size of the apparatus. In the image readingapparatus 20, light reflected from the document 12 is incident on thereading lens 11 through the glass platen 23. Therefore, the glass platen23 is made of a transparent material transmitting light. However, inFIG. 24, the lens system of the reading lens 11 is schematically shownas one component.

Although the embodiments of the invention have been described above, theinvention is not limited thereto, but various modifications of theinvention can be made. In the above-described embodiment, thereflective-document-type image reading apparatus is provided, but theinvention is not limited thereto. For example, the invention may beapplied to a transmissive-document-type image reading apparatus thatreads an image document such as a negative film or a positive film. Thetransmissive-document-type image reading apparatus may be formed byarranging the light source 14 on the document side in the image readingapparatus 20 shown in FIG. 24 such that light emitted from the lightsource 14 is incident on the reading lens 11 through the document 12 andthe glass platen 23 and the reading lens 11 forms the image of thedocument 12 on the imaging device 15. FIGS. 23 and 24 show an example inwhich an area sensor is used as the imaging device 15, but the inventionis not limited thereto. A line sensor may be used as the imaging deviceand the imaging lens according to the invention may be used as ascanning lens.

The imaging lens according to the invention may be applied to otheroptical systems as well as the image reading optical system. The usageof the imaging lens is not limited to the optical system handling anobject at a finite distance, but the imaging lens may be applied to anoptical system handling an object at an infinite distance. In addition,the usage of the imaging lens is not limited to the optical system forvisible light, but the imaging lens may be applied to an optical systemfor infrared light.

Specifically, for example, the imaging lens according to the inventionmay be applied to a monitoring camera, an in-vehicle camera, or a camerafor authentication. When the imaging lens is applied to, for example,the monitoring camera, in some cases, a light beam is incident on thelens system at an angle more than the angle of view defined by thedesign specification. Therefore, it is preferable to provide an aperturediaphragm on the object side of the lens system or between the lenses inorder to prevent stray light or shield extra light beams.

In the imaging apparatus to which the imaging lens is applied, variouskinds of filters, such as an infrared cut filter, a visible light cutfilter, and a filter coated with a water repellent material or ahydrophilic material, may be provided on the object side or the imageside of the lens system. Alternatively, films having the same effects asvarious kinds of filters may be coated on the lens surfaces of some ofthe lenses included in the imaging lens.

1. An imaging lens comprising: a plurality of lenses including no morethan four lenses, wherein said no more than four lenses are a first lenswith a meniscus shape having a concave surface facing an object side; asecond positive lens; a third negative lens with a meniscus shape havinga convex surface facing an image side; and a fourth negative lens,wherein the first to fourth lenses are arranged in this order from theobject side, and a normal line of an object-side surface of the fourthlens at a point where the outermost light beam of an on-axis light fluxpasses intersects the optical axis on the image side of the object-sidesurface.
 2. The imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a normal lineof an object-side surface of the second lens at a point where theoutermost light beam of the on-axis light flux passes intersects theoptical axis at a position that is closer to the object side than theobject-side surface.
 3. The imaging lens according to claim 1, whereinthe imaging, lens satisfies the following conditional expression;0.25<D/f<4.0 where D indicates a distance between the first lens and thesecond lens on the optical axis and f indicates the focal length of theentire system.
 4. The imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein theimaging lens satisfies the following conditional expression:0.5<d1/D<4.0 where d1 indicates the thickness of the center of the firstlens and D indicates a distance between the first lens and the secondlens on the optical axis.
 5. The imaging lens according to claim 1,wherein the imaging lens satisfies the following conditional expression:α>50° where α indicates the angle between a principal ray of a lightflux that is incident on an object-side surface of the first lens at amaximum angle of view and a normal line of the object-side surface ofthe first lens at a point where the principal ray passes.
 6. The imaginglens according to claim 1, wherein the imaging lens satisfies thefollowing conditional expression:0.8<α/β<3.0 where α indicates the angle between a principal ray of alight flux that is incident on an object-side surface of the first lensat a maximum angle of view and a normal line of the object-side surfaceof the first lens at a point where the principal ray passes and βindicates the angle between it principal ray of a light flux that isemitted from an image-side surface of the first lens at the maximumangle of view and a normal line of the image-side surface of the firstlens at a point where the principal ray passes.
 7. The imaging lensaccording to claim 1, wherein the second lens L2 has a biconvex shape,and the imaging lens satisfies the following conditional expression:0.0≦|Z4|/|Z5|<0.5 where Z4 indicates the distance between a point on anobject-side surface of the second lens where the outermost light beam ofa light flux at the maximum angle of view passes and a tangent plane tothe top of the object-side surface of the second lens in the opticalaxis direction, and Z5 indicates the distance between a point on animage-side surface of the second lens where the outermost light beam ofthe light flux at the maximum angle of view passes and to tangent planeto the top of the image-side surface of the second lens in the opticalaxis direction.
 8. The imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein anormal line of an object-side surface of the second lens at a pointwhere the outermost light beam of the on-axis light flux passesintersects the optical axis at a position that is closer to the objectside than the object-side surface, and the imaging lens satisfies thefollowing conditional expression:0.0≦|Z4|/|Z5<0.5 where Z4 indicates the distance between a point on theobject-side surface of the second lens where the outermost light beam ofthe light flux at the maximum angle of view passes and a tangent planeto the top of the object-side surface of the second lens in the opticalaxis direction, and Z5 indicates the distance between a point on animage-side surface of the second lens where the outermost light beam ofthe light flax, at the maximum angle of view passes and a tangent planeto the top of the image-side surface of the second lens in the opticalaxis direction.
 9. The imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein theimaging lens satisfies the following conditional expression:v3<35 where v3 indicates the Abbe number of the third lens with respectto the d-line.
 10. The imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein animage-side surface of the third lens is an aspheric surface, a normalline of the image-side surface of the third lens at a point where theoutermost light beam of the on-axis light flux passes intersects theoptical axis at a first point that is closer to the object side than theimage-side surface, a normal line of the image-side surface of the thirdlens at a point where the outermost light beam of a light flux at halfthe maximum angle of view passes intersects the optical axis at a secondpoint that is closer to the object side than the first point, isparallel to the optical axis, or intersects the optical axis at a thirdpoint that is closer to the image side than the image-side surface ofthe third lens, when the normal line of the image-side surface of thethird lens at the point, where the outermost light beam of the lightflux at half the maximum angle of view passes intersects the opticalaxis at the second point, a normal line of the image-side surface of thethird lens at a point where the outermost light beam of the light fluxat the maximum angle of view passes intersects the optical axis at aposition that is closer to the object side than the second point, isparallel to the optical taxis, or intersects the optical axis at aposition that is closer to the image side than the image-side surface ofthe third lens, when the normal line of the image-side surface of thethird lens at the point where the outermost light beam of the light fluxat half the maximum angle of view passes is parallel to the optical axisor intersects the optical axis at the third point, the normal line ofthe image-side surface of the third lens at the point where theoutermost light beam of the light flux at the maximum angle of viewpasses intersects the optical axis at a position that is closer to theimage side than the image-side surface, and the imaging, lens satisfiesthe following conditional expression:−0.25<Z7m/f<−0.03 where Z7 m indicates the longest distance between eachpoint on the image-side aspheric surface of the third lens and a tangentplate to the top of the image-side surface of the third lens in theoptical axis direction and f indicates the focal, length of the entiresystem.
 11. The imaging lens according, to claim 1, wherein a normalline of the object-side surface of the fourth lens at a point where aprincipal ray of a light flux at a maximum angle of view passesintersects the optical axis at a position that is closer to the imageside than the object-side surface, and the imaging lens satisfies thefollowing conditional expression:0°<γ<35° where γ indicates the angle between the optical axis and thenormal line of the object-side surface of the fourth lens at the pointwhere the principal ray of the light flux at the maximum angle of viewpasses.
 12. The imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein at least onelens is made of a glass material.
 13. The imaging lens according toclaim 1, wherein the object-side surface of the fourth lens is a convexsurface.
 14. The imaging lens according to claim 1, further comprising:an aperture diaphragm that is provided between the first lens and thesecond lens, and the imaging lens satisfies the following conditionalexpression;0.0≦d3/f<0.5 where d3 indicates the distance between the aperturediaphragm and the second lens on the optical axis and f indicates thefocal length of the entire system.
 15. The imaging lens according toclaim 1, wherein the first lens has at least one aspheric surface and ismade of a polyolefin-based plastic material.
 16. An imaging apparatuscomprising: the imaging lens according to claim 1.